Key points of High-yield cultivation techniques of Cotton

According to the investigation and analysis of cotton production in recent years, a set of cultivation and management models suitable for the central and southern cotton areas of Pucheng were summarized, that is, April seedlings, May buds, June flowers, pickled flowers at the end of July, skillful tube August, tender after September, autumn peach cover, stubble at the end of October. Through the demonstration application of 5256 mu at six points in a row for three years (06, 07, 08), a gratifying harvest of 346.1 kg per unit yield of seed cotton was obtained, with an output value of 1827.40 yuan per mu (at an average price of 5.28 yuan / kg for three years), an increase of 22.3% over the same period last year and an increase of 333.20 yuan. The cost is reduced by 62.86 yuan per mu. Accumulative total cost savings and capital increase of 396.06 yuan, a total increase of more than 2.1 million yuan, the effect is excellent.

1. April seedlings. It is required that the water content of the soil plough layer is more than 15%. No matter plastic film planting, open field planting or artificial planting with water, no matter whether the sowing date is sooner or later, or check the seedling replacement, it must be comprehensive before the end of April. The number of plants per mu of large plant-shaped varieties is 2000-2300, that of general varieties is 2500-2800 per mu, and that of small-plant varieties is 3000-3500 per mu, and there are no diseases and insect pests. Red and green stems account for about 50% each. The plant has more than 2 true leaves.

2. May Lei. On the basis of grasping the whole seedling and obtaining strong seedlings, according to the abundance and deficiency of base fertilizer and the appearance of seedlings, appropriate application of pure nitrogen 3-5 kg, small water fine irrigation was carried out according to soil moisture, and shallow ploughing was carried out in time after soil moisture distribution, soil moisture was loosened and moisture was preserved to promote the healthy growth of cotton seedlings. At the same time, 400 times rich potassium was sprayed every 7-10 days for more than 2 times, and insecticidal agents (cotton blind Toona sinensis, cotton aphid, etc.) were added (wilt, leaf spots, etc.) to control diseases and insect pests. More than 80% of the plants began to bud before the end of May.

3. June flowers. This month is not only a busy period of "three summers", but also a critical period for the rapid growth of cotton, so it is very important to do a good job in cotton management in this period. In the specific application, the key point is to do a good job of fertilizer spraying (400 times Fu Wan potassium plus 1% urea plus 0.2% Suroboron, etc.) spray (insecticidal fungicide), once every 7-10 days, 2-3 times in a row. And in view of the flexible management of the growth of cotton plants, that is, when the daily growth is more than 3 cm, it is controlled once with 2 grams of pure thalidomide per mu combined with fertilizer spraying (medicine), and 0.1 kilograms of zinc sulfate and 0.2% boron are added per mu to resist heat, promote peach growth and reduce bud shedding, so that 40-50% of cotton plants can see open flowers before the end of the month.

April, July baby bell. The end of July is not only a critical period for vegetative and reproductive growth of cotton, but also a critical period for the transformation of carbon and nitrogen and the urgent demand for various biological enzymes and trace elements in cotton. On the basis of doing a good job of pest control and timely (overcoming the traditional wrong practice of topping on June 6 of the lunar calendar and growing high and beating low) topping (15-17 varieties with large fruit branches per plant, 13-15 medium-sized varieties and 12-13 small-plant varieties), according to the growth of cotton fields around July 10, topdressing 10-12 kg of urea per mu (less application of strong plants and more application of weak plants), 13-15 kg of diammonium and 15 kg of potassium chloride. It can not only meet the needs of bud, flower and boll development, but also effectively prevent the formation of abscisic acid in cotton plants and prevent premature senescence and yield reduction caused by de-fertilization in the later stage. At the same time, according to the growth of cotton plants, some group tips should be removed properly, and the principle is that the row samples can be seen in the cotton field within July 20-23, otherwise the ground is too weak or too wide, or the row spacing is too narrow (or too much nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage). It is not conducive to the formation of buds, flowers and bolls, but also easy to cause a large number of buds and bolls to fall off. In addition, watering in the "three volts" day is the best at night, especially in the well irrigation area, the temperature difference between groundwater and cotton field is larger (more than 30 ℃). It is easy to cause a large number of buds and bolls to fall off after irrigation, and it is more reasonable for canal water to be irrigated after 4 pm to 10:00 in the morning. At the same time, the shoot continued to spray 400 times rich potassium for 1-2 times, and the effect was better.