Several technical measures to increase the yield of Gastrodia elata

Gastrodia elata is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine. In order to solve the problems of unstable yield, serious degradation and susceptibility to diseases and insect pests commonly existing in artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata, the Edible Fungi Research Institute of our county has carried out a study on the cultivation model of high and stable yield and high quality of Gastrodia elata. Some achievements have been made. Several techniques on how to improve the yield of Gastrodia elata are summarized as follows:

1. Select a suitable cultivation site: Gastrodia elata is suitable to grow in areas where it is cool in summer and not very cold in winter, requiring moist soil, but not stagnant water, and rich in humus. The broad-leaved forest zone at an altitude of 600-2000m can be cultivated in front and back of the house. It is required that the water source is adequate, there is no miscellaneous bacteria pollution around, and there are three positive parts and seven negative parts. Plots and clayey land that are too high or too low should not be selected.

2. Choose the suitable cultivation method: generally choose the cultivation in early winter, it can grow rapidly at the beginning of spring, and the yield is higher than that in other seasons. Using single-layer or double-layer cultivation, the cultivation of flax is close to the fungal material. The stubble should be replaced to avoid continuous cropping. For the old hemp nest that has been planted continuously for 2 years, the filling should be completely eradicated and replaced with new ones to reduce pathogens.

3. The selection of high-quality and robust bacterial material: Gastrodia elata chlorophyll, which can not produce nutrition by itself, depends entirely on the absorption and utilization of Armillaria mellea invading the flax body to maintain its growth, so screening and cultivating high-quality Armillaria mellea strains and studying the dosage and discharge mode of Armillaria mellea are important measures to prevent the degradation of Gastrodia elata and to obtain high and stable yield. The Fagaceae trees suitable for the growth of Armillaria mellea were selected, and then exposed to the sun for 3 days or sterilized with 0.2% carbendazim solution. After the solution was dried, the fish scales were cut, and the pure bacteria seeds were added to dig holes to cultivate the bacteria. In order to increase nutrition, you can add an appropriate amount of nutrient solution, and pay attention to watering and drainage, and cover it at the same time to reduce water evaporation. Planting flax with dense Armillaria mellea cords, robust growth and no miscellaneous bacteria infection was selected during cultivation.

4. The use of sexual reproduction of flax: the use of sexual reproduction is the best way to prevent degradation and increase yield. The growth of sexual breeding is strong, and the yield can reach 3-5 times that of asexual breeding. Before fruit cracking, seeds and sprouting bacteria concrete of Pleurotus ostreatus were sown on Armillaria mellea flax, white hemp and rice hemp were developed one year later, and those with moderate head, strong growth, disease-free pests and no mechanical damage were selected as seed flax.

5. Take nutrient-rich humus soil as filling soil: now many places use pure river sand as filler for Gastrodia elata cultivation, although it is good for drainage, but the nutrition is not enough. The practice has proved that the yield of sealing filler of mountain humus soil is high: 5:1 between mature leaves and sand or 3:1 between sawdust grain husk and sand can also be used as filler between fungus and surface, and it is best not to use natural soil.

6. Strengthen management and pay attention to disease prevention and pest control: cultivation should be watered without rain for a long time, drainage should be timely in long-term overcast and rain, shading and heat prevention should be strengthened in high temperature season, and soil temperature and temperature should be kept relatively constant as far as possible. The growth of Gastrodia elata is weak in the later stage of growth, so it is necessary to keep the soil layer dry properly to prevent rotten flax. The selection of bacterial materials without miscellaneous bacteria infection and healthy hemp seeds can reduce the occurrence of diseases. The pests are mainly mole cricket, grub and termites, which can be controlled by pouring 700-1000 times zinc and phosphorus solution into the nest or trapping and killing nearby with black light during sowing or growing period.