Treatment of accidental injury to Pet Dog

Pet dogs are friends and companions of human beings. It is small, lively, playful and curious, so accidental injuries often occur in daily activities. If dog owners and veterinarians are handled properly and treated in a timely manner, the sick dog can often turn the corner and recover quickly; otherwise, the opportunity for treatment will be lost. We summarize several emergency treatment and treatment measures for accidental injuries of pet dogs that are often encountered in veterinary clinic, which can only be used as a reference for dog lovers and veterinarians.

1 esophageal obstruction

Esophageal obstruction in dogs is mostly caused by excessive swallowing, strong swallowing, sudden shock during eating and nibbling on foreign bodies, which cause obstruction of the esophagus by food balls, foreign bodies (such as bones, fish bones, meat, large pieces of fruit). Most of the sites occurred from the back of the pharynx to before the entrance of the chest. The esophagus of the affected dog is not completely blocked, characterized by retching and choking, eating slowly and swallowing carefully. Complete obstruction leads to straightening of the head and neck, salivation, extreme restlessness, scratching the neck, and even asphyxiation due to obstruction oppressing the respiratory tract.

1.1 Clinical treatment

First of all, the type and size of the blockage are generally determined by consultation, and then the head of the dog is Baoding, the mouth is opened with the mouth opener, and the pharynx is examined with the help of light. If the blockage is stuck in the pharynx, in the process of clinical treatment, the blockage can be removed with long handle forceps. Blockage in the middle of the esophagus can be felt from the outside by palpation. The gastric tube can be used for the diagnosis of deep blockage, and barium can be used for X-ray examination to determine the size and location of the blockage.

1.2 Rescue measures

1.2.1 if the obstruction is determined to be a dry hard food block, it may not be treated and vomited or swallowed by the reflex action of the dog after the food block softens itself.

1.2.2 if a smooth but not too large foreign body such as a small ball, fruit or meat blocks the upper esophagus, you can grab the two hind legs of the sick dog and slap on the back to induce vomiting, often causing the foreign body to spit out.

1.2.3 if the obstruction is deep, try to insert the gastric tube, when reaching the affected area (that is, when the gastric tube encounters resistance), use an external pump to pump air into the gastric tube moderately (not too violently), and send the foreign body into the stomach with the help of the impact pressure of the air flow and the expansion of the esophagus.

1.2.4 if the foreign body is large, sharp, angular, stuck and even causes esophageal perforation, esophagotomy should be performed in time.

2Eye injury

Eye injuries are more common in dogs with large and prominent eyeballs, such as Jingba and Xishi dogs. It is often caused by fighting and biting each other between pet dogs and the action of foreign violence on the eyes. Mild cases can be seen in the injury of cornea or conjunctiva, while severe ones can cause corneal perforation or even prolapse of the eyeball, out of the orbit. The sick dog was in great pain and agitation. If properly handled and restored in time, the affected dog can often keep its eyeball and restore certain eyesight.

2.1 Clinical treatment

First of all, rinse the eyes with normal saline or 3% boric acid water, thoroughly rinse the hairs and dirt stuck to the eyeballs and surrounding tissues, and carefully examine the injury to see if there is any foreign body, perforation, pupil reflex, etc., and make a treatment plan according to the degree of injury.

2.2 Rescue measures

2.2.1 for those with mild eyeball injury, use normal saline added with antibiotics (500ml of normal saline and penicillin 3 million IU lotion) and then wash the eyes, then apply erythromycin eye ointment, and according to clinical needs, procaine penicillin can be injected around the eyes.

2.2.2 if the eyeball is protruded, eyeball reduction surgery can be performed in Baoding sick dogs. After repeated washing according to the above method, the upper and lower eyelids are lifted by the assistant with surgical forceps. The operator gently presses the eyeball back into the orbit with wet sterilized gauze. Apply erythromycin eye ointment on your eyeballs. In order to prevent prolapse again, suture 2-3 stitches in the upper and lower eyelid tubercle. Penicillin 200000, dexamethasone 2mg and 2% procaine 0.5ml were mixed and injected under the upper and lower eyelids, once a day for 3 days. Squeeze erythromycin eye ointment into the eye from the sutured space, once a day. After the operation, the dog owner can use a hard plastic shell to make a neck circumference and tie it to the sick dog to prevent the sick dog from scratching the operation.

2.2.3 for serious injuries such as optic nerve avulsion, outflow of eye contents (such as vitreous and lens), and ocular tissue suppuration and necrosis caused by prolapse of the eyeball for too long, eyeball enucleation should be performed if there is no hope of cure.

3limb fracture

Dogs are lively in nature and often cause limb fractures due to accident, collision, pressure, fall, etc., and generally have more hind limbs. The diseased dog's limbs are useless, howling, local swelling and pain, obvious mobility of the fracture site and bone rubbing sound when touched. The broken end of the bone can be seen exposing the body surface of the open fracture.

3.1 Clinical treatment

First of all, debridement and hemostasis were carried out. According to the observation of gait and palpation, X-ray machine examination could be used to correctly determine whether it was fracture or dislocation, as well as the location and nature of the fracture.

3.2 Rescue measures

The affected limb was repaired and fixed with plaster or splint. Dogs generally have a good prognosis of fractures, which can be cured within a short period of time, and some of them will leave different degrees of disability. In addition to general trauma treatment, open fractures should also be treated with antibiotics to avoid osteomyelitis caused by infection.

4 electrocution

Most pet dogs are kept indoors and are sometimes electrocuted by chewing wires, which is too late for medical treatment. At this time, the owner should first cut off the power supply, and then carry out rescue. Electric shock may cause sudden cardiac and respiratory arrest in dogs. If the dog has lost consciousness, the stethoscope dog has no heart sound (no stethoscope can be taped into the dog's chest cavity). If there is a heart sound, mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration should be taken immediately. Other methods can also be taken: one is to grasp its hind legs, pat it with hands, and swing back and forth rhythmically to revive it; another way is to put the dog on its side and press his chest rhythmically to induce breathing. Artificial respiration should take at least half an hour. If you can not hear the heart sound, then immediately carry out a heart squeeze massage, the method is to point your hand at the dog's chest (that is, the lower edge of the ribs) to apply a certain force to the front of the rhythmic push, in order to restore the dog's heartbeat. Veterinarians can take the method of injecting isoproterenol hydrochloride 0.1~0.2mg directly into the myocardium at 1-2 points with the No. 5 injection needle, which sometimes has a wonderful effect.

The above methods are also effective in rescuing dogs from drowning, poisoning and shock or coma caused by external forces.

5 poisoning

Common dog poisoning includes pesticide poisoning and food poisoning. Pesticide poisoning in dogs is mostly caused by eating poison bait or birds, rats, insects and so on. Sick dogs vomiting, foaming at the mouth, visible mucosal cyanosis, organophosphorus pesticide poisoning can also see pupil constriction. Most sick dogs are manic, howling and have neurological symptoms similar to rabies; dog food poisoning is caused by eating spoiled food, especially rotten fish and meat, because these spoiled foods contain a large amount of Proteus, staphylotoxin, salmonella enterotoxin and Clostridium botulinum toxin, as well as histamine toxins produced by Proteus decomposing proteins. Sick dogs can see vomiting dysentery, dyspnea, physical weakness, ataxia, hindquarters paralysis, black stool, sometimes dilated pupils and high mortality.

5.1 Clinical treatment

Prevent the further absorption of toxins and quickly determine the types of toxins and the principles of clinical treatment.

5.2 treatment measures

5.2.1 vomiting

Vomiting is an effective measure to expel toxins into the stomach and out of the body, and the effect is the best in a short period of time when the poison is eaten. 0.2%-0.5% CuSO4 solution 10~30mL can be infused. When the poison has been eaten for more than 4 hours, most of the poison has entered the intestine, it is no longer appropriate to use emetic drugs.

5.2.2 gastric lavage

The method of gastric lavage can be used in the case of no vomiting or no effect after vomiting, and the effect is better within 2 hours of poison intake. The lotion can use warm salt water, warm boiled water, warm soapy water (but trichlorfon poisoning, alkaline lotion), insert gastric catheter, rinse repeatedly, and add appropriate amount of activated carbon to the lotion to enhance the effect of gastric lavage.

5.2.3 filling with egg white and milk

It can neutralize toxins, protect gastrointestinal mucosa, and slow down the further absorption and collection of toxins and the corrosion of digestive tract. Food poisoning should be fasted.

5.2.4 use specific detoxification drugs according to the type of poison

Such as food poisoning using antibiotics or Clostridium botulinum antitoxin: organophosphorus poisoning using atropine, antiphosphoric acid; arsenic (such as arsenic) poisoning using dimercaptopropanol and so on.