Castration techniques of pigs

Pig castration is one of a variety of livestock, poultry and pet castration techniques, it plays an important role in veterinary surgery, is an indispensable technology in the production of 227pig, this paper briefly describes the pig castration technology.

The principle and purpose of pig castration the ancients called testes "potential", so the removal of testicles from male animals is also called castration, which has been used today. Of course, the castration of livestock and poultry includes not only male livestock and poultry, but also female livestock and poultry. The castration of livestock and poultry is the removal of the gonads of livestock and poultry, that is, the removal of testicles or ovaries, and the same is true of castrated pigs. After castration, boars, sows lose their sexual physiological function, and their temperament becomes docile, easy to feed and manage, and can be raised in mixed groups. Reduce labor and costs Can make the meat more delicate, no fishy smell, can promote growth, conducive to fattening, shorten the feeding cycle, improve economic benefits, can eliminate bad varieties, conducive to breeding and so on.

(1) the content and object of pig castration.

There are boar castration, sow castration and hermaphroditic pig castration. Castration of boars includes castration of young boars, big boars, cryptorchidism pigs and scrotal hernia pigs. Sow castration includes castration of young sows, big sows and stubble high pigs. The castration of all kinds of pigs has different technical requirements, and the castration of young boars is suitable for weaning. Week or after weaning! The piglets in the week, weighing 15 kilograms, can be castrated all the year round if they lose their breeding value.

Castration of little sows, also known as small flower picking, generally refers to 28-80-day-old sows weighing 5-15 kilograms. There are also "postnatal" months, when the body weight is castrated. We usually control (about 7 days), castrating at the same time as the little boar in the same circle.

Sow castration, also known as big flower picking, also known as flower touch. It is suitable for large or estrus or obsolete sows. Its characteristic is that when the incision is made, the finger is inserted directly into the abdominal cavity to remove the ovary and remove it. "stubble high" pig castration, also known as walking flower pig castration, due to the last castration is not complete, pulled off the uterine horn and the ovaries remain in the abdominal cavity, the need for re-surgery to remove the remaining ovaries.

Hermaphroditic pig castration, hermaphroditic pigs are mostly related to inbreeding, hermaphroditic, look like sows, and often climb across other pigs in the herd. There are two types: the first is ovary on one side and testes on the other, and the castration method should be removed by sow flower picking operation; the second one has testicles on both sides of the body, and the castration method uses the method of removing cryptorchidism testicles.

(2) how to do well the castration technique of pigs.

1) the anatomical knowledge of castration must be understood.

Whether castrated boars or sows, the operator must be familiar with the relevant tissue and organ structure, location, characteristics and related physiological functions in order to perform the operation correctly, safely and quickly. The reproductive organs of boars are composed of scrotum, total sheath, testis, epididymis, spermatic cord and sheath ligament, accessory gonad and penis. The scrotum is located behind the hind legs of the boar. The lower part of the anus is divided into two halves by the scrotal septum, and there is a scrotal suture in the middle, which is the location mark of the castrated incision in boars. Testis and epididymis are connected together, in the scrotum, the left and right testis is the place to produce sperm and secrete hormones, epididymis is the place where sperm mature and store sperm, testis and epididymis are organs that must be removed when castration. The reproductive organs of sows are composed of ovary, fallopian tube, uterus, vagina and urinary reproductive vestibule. The uterus, fallopian tube and ovary are all located in the pelvic cavity, and there is one ovary on both sides of the entrance to the pelvic cavity, and its external position is a little behind the hip tubercle, so the hip tubercle has become the main sign to determine the incision site of big sow flower picking. The ovary is an organ that produces eggs and secretes hormones, and it is an organ that must be removed in castrated sows. The anatomical level of the soft abdominal wall of castrated sows can be divided into skin, subcutaneous connective tissue, abdominal external oblique muscle, abdominal internal oblique muscle, rectus abdominis, transverse abdominal muscle, extraperitoneal muscle, peritoneum and so on.

2) the equipment must be done, and the medicine should be prepared with surgical knife, castration knife, hemostatic forceps, needle holding forceps, surgical scissors, surgical forceps, fully curved suture needles, sutures and so on. To prepare disinfectant (bromogeramine, chlorhexidine), alcohol, alcohol cotton ball, sulfa crystal powder, penicillin and anti-tetanus serum, etc.

3) make good preoperative examination and preparation.

First of all, the condition of pigs should be inquired and observed. for those with bad spirit, indigestion, diarrhea and weak physique, the operation can be postponed and castrated after recovery. Only healthy and disease-free pigs can be castrated, and livestock owners should be castrated before operation. Castration time is best arranged in the morning or evening, because at this time the weather is cool, avoid the high temperature, conducive to surgery and postoperative recovery. Separate the old sow from the piglet before operation to prevent the old sow from injuring people during castration. Piglets should be enclosed in small enclosures for easy capture, castrated piglets, filling pits, removing stagnant water, urine, cleaning and laying clean bedding grass to keep dry. The operation site should be in a slightly sloping, clean, dry shelter, and should not be castrated in windy or rainy days.

4) to do a good job in Baoding operation.

Baoding is very important for the smooth implementation of the operation. For the operation of small boars and sows, the operator Baoding alone is OK. The operation of big boars and sows requires the cooperation of assistants. Boars generally use the left side landing and recumbent lying on the ground, and sows use the right landing recumbent method.

5) the incision should be located correctly.

The boar incision location is more convenient, the operator clings to the scrotum and testis, in the most prominent testis, scrotal skin tension, make an incision parallel to the scrotal suture, cut through the skin and total sheath, squeeze out the testicles. For the determination of the incision site of the little sow, take the left hip tubercle (crotch tip) as the point, make a hypothetical vertical line to the abdominal midline (white line), the operator's left middle finger against the hip tubercle, the thumb oppresses the ipsilateral abdominal wall, the thumb and middle finger are on the assumed vertical line, about two fingers wide from the ipsilateral nipple as the incision site, you can also refer to the posterior 1/3 between the countdown 3 nipples.