Preparation work before cotton sowing
First, make preparations before the broadcast. Land preparation, direct seeding cotton field should be raked in time during the suitable moisture period to preserve soil moisture, so that the plough layer is virtual and solid.
1. Deep ploughing and soil preparation: the cultivated time of cotton field can be divided into winter ploughing and spring ploughing, and winter ploughing is better than spring ploughing. Winter ploughing is deeper, usually 20-30 cm. Spring ploughing should be appropriate shallow, generally 13-16 cm is appropriate; after ploughing to fine soil preparation, so that the upper and lower solid, loose soil quality, water storage to preserve soil moisture.
2. Applying sufficient base fertilizer: applying sufficient base fertilizer and improving soil fertility is the basis of high yield of cotton. The amount of base fertilizer should be determined according to yield, soil fertility and fertilizer quality. General per mu lint yield of more than 125kg of cotton fields, mu application of organic fertilizer 5000 kg, cake fertilizer 50 kg, ammonium bicarbonate 20-30 kg, calcium superphosphate about 50 kg.
3. Watering enough soil moisture: according to the climate characteristics of winter and spring in our city, watering enough soil moisture and making good mouth moisture are effective measures to ensure timely sowing of cotton, sowing whole seedlings and promoting the early development of strong seedlings. The effect of winter irrigation in cotton field is good. Spring irrigation generally starts after the soil is thawed and ends half a month before sowing at the latest, which is conducive to the rise of ground temperature and ensure timely sowing and strong seedlings.
4. Preparation of plastic film medicament: generally use 2-2.5 kg plastic film per mu, single row sowing can choose 60 cm wide plastic film, double row sowing can choose 90 or 100 cm wide plastic film, pre-bud herbicide can be sprayed with Acetochlor 100 ml per mu before sowing.
Second, seed preparation, the sowing quality of cotton seed is closely related to sowing and seedling protection. At present, China is vigorously promoting the technology of foaming acid de-velveting, selection and seed coating of improved cotton varieties. It is an important measure to improve the quality of seed sowing and prevent diseases and insect pests at seedling stage.
Determination of sowing date: insect-resistant cotton is generally sown 3-4 days later than conventional cotton, avoiding the adverse effects of low temperature as far as possible, and requiring the ground temperature of 5 cm to pass steadily through 14 ℃ (or the air temperature is stable above 16 ℃). Note that too early sowing will lead to serious seedling diseases and serious seedling death due to low temperature, rain, low temperature, high humidity, late frost and other factors, which must be paid attention to. The suitable sowing time of plastic film cotton is April 15-25; open-field cotton is usually sown after April 25 and ends around May Day. In addition, because of the difficulty of cotton seed absorbing water, cotton field in saline-alkali land should ensure soil moisture and mouth moisture, and postpone sowing appropriately (5 cm ground temperature is required to be stable at 16-17 ℃).
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Key points of sowing and Seedling raising techniques of Cotton
First, to prepare the seedbed as soon as possible, we should choose the disease-free land with leeward to the sun, high terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation and low groundwater level as the seedbed. Second, the application of sufficient seedling bed fertilizer should be based on organic fertilizer, and appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be added to achieve a scientific formula. If you use ternary compound fertilizer as seedling bed fertilizer, you must have an appropriate amount. When fertilizing, it is necessary to mix well so as to achieve the goal of fertilizing both soil and seedlings. At the same time, there should be little or no application of urea and ammonium bicarbonate, so as to prevent burning root and dead seedlings or overgrowing cotton seedlings, resulting in weakening disease resistance, underdeveloped roots and delayed seedling stage after transplanting.
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Matters needing attention in advance of cotton sowing date
Is it possible to advance the sowing date of cotton? According to the practice of cotton sowing for many years, the lesson in this aspect is very profound. Indeed, using plastic film mulching to raise seedlings in a nutrition bowl, cotton seedlings can also be cultivated by sowing seeds in mid-late March and early April, and a large-scale demonstration has been made in production, but the result is that it is very difficult to manage and it is difficult to ensure that the whole seedling is strong. First, the cold wave is frequent in the first and middle of April, the temperature varies greatly, and the north wind patronizes many times, so it is difficult to grasp the cover of the seedbed film; second, if you encounter continuous overcast
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