The whole Seedling technique of Cotton in one sowing

The whole seedling technology of cotton sowing in one sowing has been a technical problem concerned by our cotton farmers and technicians over the years. Many factors are involved, such as soil temperature, soil moisture, sowing method, seed quality and treatment, etc., which are the key factors that affect the whole seedling. Therefore, we discuss with the majority of cotton farmers on how to realize the whole seedling and strong seedling early development of cotton.

First, the preparation before broadcasting. Preparation for sowing is the premise and basis of sowing the whole plant. as the saying goes, "before the soldiers move, the food and forage go first" and "conceive in October and give birth once" all illustrate the importance of preparation.

Making soil moisture before sowing: due to successive years of drought and the accumulation and decline of groundwater level, the surface moisture formed by rain can no longer solve the drought, but can only play a role in alleviating the drought. Last year, there was a sudden rainstorm during the sowing period, which was very beneficial to sowing and sowing. However, during a period of time before sowing, there was a drought in the cotton field. The drought in the cotton field that did not produce moisture before sowing was serious, and the yield that was not watered in time decreased. This shows that it is very important to make moisture in the cotton field before sowing.

The best way to make soil moisture in cotton field is to use dry ploughing and post-watering method, that is, applying sufficient base fertilizer before sowing and watering after ploughing 15 days before sowing. For the sake of water saving, it can be raked flat 1-2 times after the dry plow and divided into small pieces for watering, which can speed up the progress of soil cultivation and have the effect of brightening soil moisture and heating up quickly. Instead of ploughing for the second time, wait 2-3 days and rake the ground flat and wait for sowing. The advantage of this is that the soil moisture will not be lost due to the production of soil moisture ahead of time. It is worth popularizing that the soil moisture conservation and sowing depth of cotton field are better than those of first watering and then ploughing and soil moisture sowing.

Seed preparation: at present, the phenomenon of "many, chaotic and miscellaneous" cotton varieties in the market is relatively serious, with numerous companies, various varieties, true and false, and fish eyes mixed with beads, which brings difficulties to our cotton farmers in selecting and purchasing superior seeds. therefore, it is suggested that the majority of cotton farmers should go to seed companies with complete three certificates to buy cotton seeds. What is "complete three certificates"? That is, seed certificate, seed quarantine certificate and seed distribution concession certificate. The selected superior varieties are as follows: first, the variety has good comprehensive characters, high yield, good quality, strong disease resistance and the right variety. Second, the seed purity is high, the quality is good, the healthy seed rate and germination rate are high. According to the current varieties, the conventional insect-resistant cotton varieties are Ji 668, Zhongmiansuo 45 (formerly known as Zhong 221), and hybrid cotton Lumianyan 15. Demonstrate the planting of a new disease-resistant strain A03 without pruning to realize the desire of "easy cotton planting and still high yield". The above varieties (lines) have the same insect resistance as American cotton, but their high yield and disease resistance are better than American cotton, so they can be safely used in production.

Due to the climate last year, the rate of healthy seeds will generally decline this year, and the maturity is not enough, so this year, it is best to choose carefully processed tufted seeds for field use, and seed soaking is strictly prohibited. Uncoated cotton seeds should be selected in combination with seed soaking to eliminate the yellowing and red seeds of the seed coat in order to improve the germination rate. The seed dressing of hairy seeds is recommended, and the treatment method is that 10 kg of cotton seeds are mixed with 50 grams of triazole copper (triazole copper), which can effectively control seedling diseases. Whether coated seeds or hairy seeds should be planted in sunny day for 2-3 days before sowing in order to break the dormancy period of seeds and improve seed germination rate.

Second, sowing and sowing methods: the early and late sowing date have significant effects on the emergence, yield and quality of cotton, so the appropriate sowing time is very critical, and temperature is an important basis for determining sowing date. Generally, the suitable sowing time is when the soil temperature of 5 cm stably passes through 14-15 ℃. The varieties with long growth period can be sowed early, and the varieties with short growth period can be sowed late. The land near the sowing date and soil moisture production in saline-alkali soil should be sown late, and the sowing should be postponed for 5-10 days.

Accurately grasping the sowing depth is the premise of Miao Qi and Miao Zhuang. Because the soil moisture in most cotton fields is very close to the sowing date, the soil water content is large and the ground temperature is low, if sowing too deep, not only seedling emergence is not good, but also cause seedling diseases, rotting roots and dead seedlings. It is required that the seed sowing depth of tufted coating is 1.5-2 cm and that of hairy seed is 2-3 cm.

The sowing amount should be determined according to the germination rate of sowing mode (on demand, strip sowing, etc.), seedling density (row spacing arrangement) and soil condition. Sowing on demand should not be less than 3 seeds per hole, strip sowing should be about 2 kg of high-quality seed and 3 kg of hairy seed per mu. The sowing rate should be increased as appropriate in the plots with poor soil moisture, clayey soil or saline-alkali land and serious underground pests.

Deep sowing and shallow mulching, sowing seeds with moisture and wrapping water seeds can be used in cotton fields which are lack of water resources and no soil moisture conditions.

Third, check the seedlings, replenish the seedlings and fix the seedlings: if the cotton seedlings are found to be missing and broken ridges after the emergence of the seedlings, they should speed up the sprouting and replanting or transplant the seedlings in time. The transplanting of bud seedlings should be taken on the spot, and the density and thinning is simple and easy, and the survival rate is high. If the two cotyledons spread flat after transplanting, you can take transplanting with soil, transplanting when the soil platform should be large, can not be scattered, appropriate amount of water.

The seedlings are required to be carried out after the seedlings are complete, to the extent that the leaves are not matched with leaves. It is necessary to fix seedlings in the period of 1-2 true leaves, and a large number of dead seedlings are often caused by seedling disease in the year when the temperature rises slowly in spring, resulting in serious lack of seedlings and broken ridges in cotton fields, so cotton farmers try their best to delay the time of fixing seedlings, resulting in aggravation of temple disease and inability to guarantee planting density. at the same time, it is easy to form high-footed, weak seedlings and late ripening of cotton. In this case, the seedling setting time should not be later than the three true leaf stage at the latest, during this period, the root of cotton has been lignified, and the ability to resist adverse environment is greatly enhanced, so there are few dead seedlings due to temple disease.