Cultivation techniques of Flos Lonicerae

Honeysuckle is the dried bud or flower of honeysuckle (LonicerajiaponicaThunb.). Also known as honeysuckle, Shuanghua, Erbao flower. It has the effect of clearing away heat and detoxification and dispersing wind and heat. Its stem can also be used as medicine, called honeysuckle vine, with the effect of clearing away heat and detoxification, soothing wind and dredging collaterals. It mainly produces Shandong and Henan, and has production in most parts of the country.

(1) morphological characteristics

Perennial semi-evergreen twining shrub, stem up to 9 meters long. Stem hollow, much branched, old branch bark lavender, smooth; new branches deep purplish red, densely pubescent. Leaves opposite, ovate or long ovate, young leaves pubescent, abaxially grayish green. Flowers are axillary in pairs, bracts 2, leaflike, pedicels and flowers all pubescent; Corolla white at first opening, turning golden yellow after 2 mi days; calyx short, 5-lobed; Corolla slightly 2-lipped, simple part ca. as long as lip, upper lip 4-lobed, lower lip not lobed, outside pilose or glandular hairy; stamens 5; pistil 1, flowers protruding from Corolla, ovary inferior, glabrous. Berries globose, black when ripe, glossy; seeds numerous, elliptic or triangular-ovate, slightly flat, black or brown, glossy. Flowering from May to September and fruiting from July to October.

(2) growth habits

Honeysuckle prefers warm and humid climate, strong stress resistance, cold resistance and high temperature resistance, but the optimum temperature for flower bud differentiation and growth is about 15 ℃ and 20-30 ℃ respectively. Resistant to waterlogging, drought, salt and alkali. Like sufficient sunlight, light has a great impact on plant growth and development, sufficient sunlight can make plant growth and development luxuriant and robust, thus increasing flower yield.

Seeds need to be germinated at a lower temperature. if placed in the refrigerator for 80 days, the germination rate can reach about 80%. The life span of seeds is 2MUR 3 years.

(3) cultivation techniques

1. Honeysuckle is not strict to the soil, but it is better to have a deep, loose and fertile humus soil. Before planting, 4000 kg of farm manure was applied per mu, and deep ploughing and fine rake were used. Seed breeders can be made into flat beds 1 meter wide; when cutting and propagating, they can not make beds.

2. Cuttage propagation is the main method of propagation, and seed propagation can also be used.

The main results are as follows: (1) Cuttage propagation is usually carried out in overcast and rainy weather in summer and autumn. 1-2-year-old branches with vigorous growth and free of diseases and insect pests are selected and cut into cuttings with a length of 30mi / 35cm, and the lower leaves are removed. On the selected ground, the hole is dug according to the row spacing of 160 cm and the plant spacing of 150 cm. The hole is 16 cm deep, and 6 cuttings are inserted into each hole, which are scattered and obliquely standing in the soil, and the ground is exposed at 7 cm. After cutting, the soil is compacted and watered. The method of cutting seedling and transplanting can also be used to save cuttings and facilitate management.

(2) seed reproduction in November, the ripe fruit is collected, washed in water, the pulp and shrunken seeds are removed, and the full seeds are taken out to dry. In April of the following year, soak the seeds in warm water of 35 ℃ and 40 mol for 24 hours, remove them and mix them with 3 times wet sand to promote germination. When the seeds have 30% cracks, they can be sown. Water the whole border thoroughly, when the table is slightly loose and dry, flatten the border surface, draw a shallow ditch according to the row spacing of 20 cm, and spread the seeds evenly into the ditch. Cover 1 cm of soil, cover with another layer of grass, and always keep moist. The seedlings can emerge about 10 days after sowing. Transplanting after autumn or the following spring, the transplanting method is the same as cutting propagation, with about 1.5 kg of seeds per mu.

3. Field management

(1) after weeding, soil cultivation and planting, the weeding should be done in time, first deep and then shallow, so as not to hurt the roots. Every year before freezing in early spring and autumn, soil should be cultivated to prevent the roots from being exposed.

(2) topdressing is often combined with soil cultivation. The method is to open a shallow ditch around the flower pier, spread fertilizer in the ditch, and cover it with soil. Fertilizer species can be farm manure, combined with a small amount of chemical fertilizer, the amount of fertilizer can be determined according to the size of the flower stump. General perennial large flower pier, each pier can be applied farm fertilizer 5mur6kg, compound fertilizer 50Mel 100g. In addition, after picking flowers, the conditional topdressing can be used for 1 time.

(3) in the first two years after pruning, pruning and planting, on the basis of the trunk of the original seedling, four sturdy trunks were selected, the top shoots were removed, other branches were cut off, edge buds were wiped out, and the trunk was thickened and shaped repeatedly to make the whole plant form an umbrella. After being stereotyped, it will be trimmed every winter and summer. Winter shears mainly grasp the principle of "light cutting of strong branches, heavy cutting of weak branches, full cutting of withered branches and cutting of all branches". In general, 10 pairs of buds should be retained for strong branches, 5 pairs of buds for weak branches, and 5 pairs of buds for weak branches, while fine, weak, diseased, withered and twisted branches and high forked branches should be cut off. Summer pruning should be light. Generally, after the flowers are harvested in the previous stubble, the top tips of the growing branches should be cut off to facilitate the germination of new branches, and all the twigs with weak growth, yellowing leaves and affecting ventilation and light should be cut off. Proper summer pruning can obviously increase the yield of second and third presbyopia.

4. Pest control

(l) Brown spot occurs from June to September, especially when it is hot and humid, which damages the leaves. Control methods: often remove diseased branches and leaves; increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve plant disease resistance; spray with 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 200 times Bordeaux solution or 65% Dysen zinc wettable powder at the initial stage of the disease.

(2) the coffee tiger longicorn beetle started from May to June, and the larvae ate the branches, especially the plants more than five years old. Control methods: spray 80% dichlorvos emulsion 1000 times in adult occurrence period and larval initial incubation period from April to May; trap and kill adults with sugar and vinegar solution (sugar ∶ vinegar ∶ water ∶ trichlorfon = 1 ∶ 5 ∶ 4 ∶ 0.01); release natural enemy longicorn beetle swollen leg wasp from July to August.

(3) the honeysuckle inchworm occurs from June to September, and the larvae bite the leaves. Control method: clean the countryside in winter; the larvae are found to be sprayed with 80% dichlorvos EC 1000 times or 95% crystal trichlorfon 800-1000 times.

(4) harvesting and processing

Generally, flowers are picked for the first time in mid-and late-May, and for the second time in June. It is most suitable to harvest when the upper part of the bud is enlarged, but it is not open and is bluish white. After the flowers are picked, they should be dried or dried immediately, and the buds should be placed in a drying pan with a thickness of 3m / 6cm and based on the principle of drying on the same day. In case of cloudy and rainy days, it should be dried in time, when drying for the first time, the temperature can rise to about 40 ℃ after 2 hours, and after 5-I0 hours, the temperature will rise to about 55 ℃, so that the flowers can be dried quickly. Do not turn it over with your hands or other things when drying, otherwise the flowers are easy to turn black and cannot stop drying when they are not dry, otherwise they will become hot and deteriorate. Honeysuckle vines can be cut and dried in autumn and winter.