Cultivation techniques of Flos Lonicerae with High quality and High yield

Growth habit

Honeysuckle has deep roots and luxuriant leaves, which can prevent soil erosion and purify the air. As a garden and potted flower, it can beautify the environment and edify sentiment. It is an excellent plant integrating ecological, economic value and ornamental. It generally produces about 100 kg of dried flowers per mu, and about 5 kg ~ 6 kg of fresh buds can be processed 1 kg of dry products. Calculated at 28 yuan per kilogram, the income per mu is about 2800 yuan. If you plant it every year, you will benefit from it every year.

Honeysuckle has strong adaptability to climate and soil. Like the warm and humid climate, the suitable temperature for growth is 15 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, the general temperature is not less than 5 ℃, there is a certain humidity, it can grow all the year round, it can tolerate salt and alkali, drought and waterlogging. Hillsides, weirs, sandy beaches and barren hills can grow. Planted in loose and fertile soil, the root system is developed, the branches and leaves are luxuriant, the honeysuckle is clustered, and the yield is high.

Cultivation techniques

Honeysuckle is propagated by seed or vegetative propagation. In order to obtain high quality and high yield, both of them must choose excellent varieties.

1. Seed reproduction, also known as sexual reproduction, takes time and time, and grows slowly. in addition, honeysuckle is mainly used as a flower in medicine, and most of them do not let it bear seeds. It is not used in production.

2. Vegetative reproduction is also called asexual reproduction, there are three methods of cutting, striping and dividing plants, among which the cutting method is simple and easy to survive, and it is most widely used in production. Striping reproduction method and split-plant reproduction method are not used in production, which will not be described in detail here.

Cutting method. It is divided into direct cutting and seedling cutting.

Direct cuttage. In the rainy season of summer and autumn, flower growers in Pingyi main producing area select 1-2-year-old strong and pest-free branches, cut them into 30 cm long, pick off the lower leaves, press 1.3 meters apart, put 10 ~ 15 cuttings in each hole, expose about 10 cm to the ground, fill compaction, water, plant directly in hillsides, Weirs and other places, keep the soil moist, and grow new roots in about half a month.

Cuttage seedlings. It can be carried out all the year round except in the severe winter. Select fertile, moist, convenient sandy loam, use soil fertilizer as base fertilizer, ploughing and leveling rake fine as seedbed. Trench according to the line spacing of 25cm ~ 30cm, ditch depth of 15cm ~ 20cm, cut cuttings are evenly arranged in the trench, there is a gap between cuttings. Fill solid, the ground exposed about 5 cm, immediately watered, if the temperature above 20 ℃, keep the soil moist, about half a month, that is, it can take root and sprout. Autumn and winter birth control seedlings, because in the dormant period, do not take root before the year, but can not lack of water, otherwise it will dry up and die. Cuttage seedlings should be transplanted after they produce sturdy adventitious roots.

Transplant. Honeysuckle should be transplanted in the first and middle of March in spring and from early August to early October in autumn. Select the fertile soil with loose soil layer, good drainage and close to the water source, apply barnyard manure 3000 kg per mu, turn it more than 30 cm deep, and form a flat bed, dig holes according to the row spacing of 1.5m × 1.5m; the depth and width of the hole depends on the size of the seedlings, and mix well with fertilizer and soil at the bottom of the hole. 5 ~ 8 seedlings per hole for half a year to 1 year are planted in a circle. About 2 years, the big seedlings were planted in the scattered hole of 1 ~ 3 plants per hole, planted in the shape of half-moon, compacted and watered. In addition, beside the ditch, the ridge of the field, the wasteland, and the open space in front of the house and behind the house can be planted.

Field management

Trim. Rational pruning is a main measure to increase the yield of Flos Lonicerae. The purpose of pruning in winter and spring is to reshape and increase the yield of first stubble flowers. For honeysuckle transplanted for 1 ~ 3 years, the upper part of the branch can be cut off and the thicker branch can be left as the trunk to promote its coarsening and erect growth. Cut off the upper part of all levels of branches, leaving only 2 ~ 4 pairs of teeth to promote the growth of new branches, flower stump pruning for more than four years to cut too long branches, weak branches, withered branches, too dense branches to reduce nutrient consumption. Gradually make the branches of honeysuckle dense and uniform, so that the inner and outer layers are round, clear and hollow, and the whole plant forms an upright umbrella pier, which is convenient for ventilation and light transmission, and how long the buds are. After picking flowers each time, cut off the top of the flower branches immediately, so that the buds on the nodes grow and form new flower branches.

Top dressing. Enter the early winter, open a circular ditch about 15 centimeters deep around the flower pier, and apply human feces and urine into it. After the first crop flowering, urea or compound fertilizer was applied mainly. More than four years old strong pier, each pier is about 10 kilograms of human and animal feces and urine, or 100 grams of ammonium sulfate and 200 grams of calcium superphosphate, spread fertilizer into the ditch next to the flower pier and cover it with soil. Water should be watered after each topdressing to promote the growth of new flower branches and produce more buds.

Loose ploughing and weeding. Weeding and loosening the soil should be done frequently after planting, so that there are no weeds around the flower stump. After the pier is formed, the branches and leaves are spread all over the ground, and it is inconvenient to plough in the middle. It should be carried out once in spring germination and defoliation in winter, which should be shallow around the rhizosphere of the flower pier and slightly deeper in the distance.

Florescence management. Drought in spring and waterlogging in summer can easily cause a large number of falling flowers and retting flowers. Irrigation or drainage should be done well in accordance with local conditions.

Pest control

Brown spot. The disease was serious from July to August. The leaf shows round disease spot, yellowish brown, gray mildew on the back when it is wet, and withered and yellow shedding when it is serious.

Control methods: remove diseased branches and leaves in winter and reduce the source of pathogens; at the initial stage of the disease, spray Bordeaux solution with 1-1. 5-200 Bordeaux solution, once every 7-10 days, 2-3 times.

Aphids. It began to occur before and after the Qingming Festival, and the flower buds of the killed leaves curled and stopped growing.

Control methods: before Qingming Festival, spray 2000 times of dimethoate emulsion or 3000 times of imidacloprid.

Honeysuckle inchworm. Generally speaking, the harm is serious when the first stubble flowers are harvested, the larvae can eat up the leaves within a few days, and the first instar larvae do harm to the back of the leaves, feeding on the lower epidermis and mesophyll tissue, leaving the upper epidermis, so that the leaves show white transparent spots, and in serious cases, they can eat up the leaves.

Control methods: pruning and clearing piers in winter, destroying the overwintering environment of pests and reducing insect sources; spray with 1000 times of 90% crystal trichlorfon or 1000 ~ 1500 times of phoxim EC at the initial stage.

Leopard bark moth. The larvae mostly decay into the stem from the axils of the branches or tender shoots, causing the new shoots to wither and cause the plant to die.

Control method: during the peak incubation period of the larvae in the middle and late July, the 1000-fold diluted solution of 50% fenitrothion can be evenly sprayed on the branches to spray moisture without dripping downward.

Coffee tiger, longicorn beetle. It is an important stem-boring pest. First do harm under the epidermis, gradually eat to the woody layer, so that the damaged branches withered, the whole flower stump gradually withered.

Control methods: pruning in winter, peeling off the old branches, removing withered branches in time to destroy adult spawning conditions; in late June, the newly hatched larvae were sprayed with 1500 times of dichlorvos EC before they were eaten into the xylem.

Salix bark moth. It's a dry borer. The adults lay eggs in the middle and lower part of the old stem, and after hatching, the larvae migrate downward along the phloem and enter the xylem to feed, making the trunk hollow and seriously withered.

Prevention and control methods: prune the roots in winter to remove dead branches and burn them centrally; from July to September, dig a hole of 10cm ~ 15cm in the rhizome of the flower pier, pour in 20ml of 50% fenitrothion EC, and then cover the soil and compaction.

Harvest and processing

In production, it should be harvested when the upper part of the bud is expanded, the base is turquoise, and the color is bright and glossy. At this time, the accumulation of chlorogenic acid in the flower is the highest. Generally, the first stubble flowers are picked in mid-late May, and then the 2nd, 3rd and 4th stubble flowers are harvested every other month or so. Put the picked buds on the Reed berth, the sun is strong, it should be thicker, the sun is weak and thinner, so that it can be dried that day. You can't turn it at will when you first bask in the sun, so as not to turn black. After drying, the drying place is sealed, but the flower heart is not yet dry. After a few days, it will turn back to the tide, and then dry until dry.

Storage and storage

Honeysuckle should be stored in a dry and cool place to protect against moisture, light, discoloration, mildew and insects. Most of the flower growers in the main producing areas put them into the plastic film after fully drying and fasten the mouth for storage.

The commodity grade of honeysuckle can be divided into four grades according to its appearance indexes such as shape, size, opening degree, color, impurities, moth and mildew, among which, dry, large unopened buds, yellow and white color, light taste, fragrance, no mildew moth and branches and leaves are the best.