Key points of artificial High-yield cultivation techniques of Flos Lonicerae

Honeysuckle is a common wild plant in forest edge and shrub in mountainous area, and its dried bud is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine purchased by our country all the year round. In recent years, due to the increase in market demand and the sharp decline in wild resources, the price of honeysuckle continues to rise. It has become a reliable way to get rich in mountainous areas by changing it from wild to home and artificial cultivation in a large area. In order to achieve high yield and high efficiency in artificial cultivation, the following technical points must be mastered:

First, select excellent varieties

The improved varieties can be selected from the local wild resources with strong vines, vigorous growth, many branches, large number of flowers, concentrated flowering, high yield and good quality for cutting propagation, and excellent varieties can also be introduced directly from the relevant units. such as "Yinhua No.1", "big chicken feet" and so on. The selection of improved varieties can increase the yield by more than 30% compared with ordinary varieties.

2. Select suitable plots

Wild honeysuckle does not choose soil and has wide adaptability. It can grow well on mountain slopes and even in saline-alkali land. However, in order to obtain high yield by artificial cultivation, light sandy loam with loose soil, fertile soil and good drainage should be selected. Because honeysuckle has developed root system and strong soil consolidation ability, it can effectively prevent soil erosion. Planting on sloping farmland, ridge and land, which is especially suitable for returning farmland to forest in mountain areas, can obtain not only significant economic benefits, but also good ecological benefits.

Third, carefully cultivate a hundred strong seedlings

The honeysuckle is transferred from the wild to home, mainly by cutting propagation. It can be directly cut to build a garden, or seedlings can be transplanted, and the cutting time is generally carried out from September to October in autumn or before sprouting in spring; if there are spray conditions in summer, cutting seedlings can also be raised.

The cuttings should be cut from a fine single plant. Select 1-2-year-old strong, full stem vines, cut and grow about 30 cm cuttings, remove the lower leaves of the cuttings, retain the upper 3mur4 leaves, and then tie them into small hands. after the base is treated with abt rooting powder or other agents to promote root growth, the cuttings can be dried slightly, and the cuttings can be cut without rooting powder when the temperature and humidity is suitable in spring and autumn, but the rooting is slightly slower and the survival rate is low.

If the soil preparation is good in advance, the garden can be built by cutting directly. On the whole cultivated land, dig the nest according to the plant spacing of I meters and row spacing of 1.5 meters, apply sufficient bottom fertilizer and backfill cooked soil in the nest, 3-4 Honeysuckle cuttings are scattered in each litter, and the depth of human soil is about 2 × 3 of that of cuttings, and then cover with fine soil, water, cover with plastic film, and pull out the aboveground part of cuttings. Generally, it can take root and sprout 20-30 days after insertion.

For the propagation of improved varieties, it is best to concentrate on cutting and raising seedlings. The seedling land should be loose and fertile soil, good drainage, convenient management and close to the water source. Turn the ground deep, break the clods, pick up the grass roots, apply enough fertilizer, and rake as fine as possible. Then make a high bed slotting machine with a width of about 1-1.5 meters. When cutting, first use bamboo chopsticks to drill holes on the cutter according to the row spacing of 20 cm and the plant spacing of 5 cm. Rui inserts the cuttings into the hole, compacts the soil tightly, and finally pours enough water. Due to the low cutting temperature in spring, the seedling bed must be covered with film to increase temperature and moisturize. When the temperature of cutting in summer and autumn is high, the sunshade net should be covered to cool and moisturize and improve the survival rate. If the nursery bed seedlings, fine management, generally half a month can take root and sprout. Raise seedlings in spring and come out of the nursery in the autumn of that year.

In addition, honeysuckle can also use seed propagation, striping propagation, ramet propagation and other methods. To treat excellent species, we can also use tissue culture "gram" technology to quickly cultivate a large number of high-quality seedlings.

IV. Improving the quality of land preparation

Honeysuckle has strong vitality and generally has a life span of several decades. Artificial planting, cultivation for one year, benefit for many years. In order to increase the yield, the soil should be prepared carefully in the year of planting so as to improve the quality of planting. No matter planting in pieces or sporadic cultivation, the soil should be deeply turned over, weeds should be cleaned, soil ridges should be broken, and high-ridge cultivation should be carried out before planting.

Fifth, timely grabbing and transplanting

Transplanting is easy to survive before sprouting in spring and after dormancy in autumn. When planting, first dig the nest according to the plant spacing of 1 meter and row spacing of 1.5 meters, backfill farm manure and fertile loose topsoil in the nest, plant 2 seedlings in each litter, then cover the fine soil, pour enough water to fix the roots, cover the plastic film, and then take out the seedlings and cultivate them outside the film. As long as honeysuckle is transplanted when the moisture is suitable after rain, the survival rate is generally more than 90%.

VI. Strengthen ploughing and weeding

Within 3 years after planting, in order to prevent grass famine, it is necessary to plough and weed 2 Mel 4 times a year. Generally, when it sprouts in spring, it is combined with the application of budding fertilizer. In autumn, before the human winter, combined with the application of overwintering fertilizer, soil cultivation is carried out. Between spring and autumn, weeding is done twice a year, depending on the growth of weeds. After the honeysuckle garden is formed, it should be ploughed at least once a year before winter combined with fertilization.

7. Persist in topdressing and promoting growth

Under the condition of artificial cultivation, the garden should be formed early to create high yield, topdressing should be adhered to every year, generally combined with mid-ploughing, and fertilizing once in spring and autumn. Spring fertilization, mainly quick-acting fertilizer, mostly use dilute manure water or multi-component compound fertilizer, and apply it in shallow trench when honeysuckle sprouts in spring. Cover the soil immediately after the application. This fertilization is beneficial to keep the plant warm in winter, raise roots and strong seedlings, and provide the basis for high yield in the following year. In addition, in order to increase the per unit yield, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea can be applied outside the roots of each crop of flowers.

8. Reasonable pruning to prevent disease

If the honeysuckle is not pruned, the stems grow with vines, and the old branches and branches growing along the ground rarely blossom, which affects the yield, so it is necessary to prune the honeysuckle properly every year in order to achieve high yield. Every winter, the ship cut the honeysuckle into old branches with few flowers, scattered branches along the ground, overdense branches, long branches, and branches of diseases and insect pests, and then cleared the garden. For artificial cultivation in a large area, it is best to prune honeysuckle into an upright umbrella shrub year by year, which is not only convenient for management and picking. It can also save the cost of scaffolding.

The disease of Flos Lonicerae is rare in wild conditions. if cultivated in a large area, the main diseases are anthracnose and rust, which can be controlled by dioxone and fenvalerate, and the main insect pests are aphids. It is worth noting that honeysuckle strictly forbids the application of chemical pesticides after budding to before picking, so as not to reduce the medicinal value of honeysuckle.

Pick and spread the sun in time

The picking of honeysuckle should be carried out when the bud changes from green to green, the upper part has expanded, and the lower part is still blue, and it is best to pick it back when the dew is dry in the morning. at this time, the flower buds dried have strong aroma, easy color preservation, good quality, ideal yield and early picking, not only the yield is low, but also the quality is poor.

Honeysuckle should be spread out in time after harvest, and it is best to dry it on the same day, so that it is white and has a good color. Don't flip it at will in the sun, otherwise the flowers will turn black and rot easily. If the weather is not good after picking flowers, it can be dried in the drying room, and the quality is more worrying than sun drying. But pay attention to the temperature when baking, must gradually rise from 30 ℃ or so to 60 ℃, and after heating can not stop drying, can not turn, otherwise the flowers are easy to deteriorate.