Techniques for establishing high-yield garden with close planting of honeysuckle

Honeysuckle is a perennial semi-evergreen woody vine, alias two flowers, double flowers, is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine. The roots, stems, leaves and flowers of Flos Lonicerae can be used as medicine, and the main medicinal parts are dried buds, which can clear away heat and detoxify, eliminate chronic inflammation and improve human immunity.

In recent years, with the development of honeysuckle and the widening of application fields, the market demand is increasing. Improving cultivation techniques, increasing the early yield of Flos Lonicerae and maintaining the peak period have become the main problems to be solved urgently in production.

In recent years, according to the characteristics of short vegetative growth period, vegetative growth and reproductive growth of cutting seedlings of Flos Lonicerae, we have taken some measures, such as increasing the initial planting density and thinning gradually according to the growth situation and space size after one year. Not only the early yield of Flos Lonicerae was greatly increased, it entered the peak period 2 ~ 3 years ahead of schedule, and the plant growth was not affected after entering the peak period. The space utilization is still reasonable, making full use of land, space and climate resources, greatly improving the comprehensive benefit, and overcoming the shortcomings of high yield in the early stage and decrease in the later stage of the pure dense planting garden and late and low yield in the early stage of the sparse planting garden. The main technical points are introduced as follows.

First, planting time

Honeysuckle can be planted in four seasons, and the survival rate is higher from the middle of September to the middle of March of the following year, and it is better to be planted in autumn in the south of North China. Although the air temperature dropped obviously during this period, the ground temperature is still within the range of suitable root growth. The newly planted honeysuckle can heal and produce a large number of new roots before the soil freezes, with a high survival rate, prosperous growth in spring next year, short seedling delay time and large flower yield. although the honeysuckle planted after the year can survive, but the germination and root healing growth proceed at the same time, and the contradiction between aboveground and underground parts for nutrients and water is prominent. The slow seedling time is long, the early growth is poor, and the flower yield is small in that year. Areas with severe cold, drought and water shortage in winter can be planted in spring in order to prevent draining.

Second, planting mode

1. Equal line and equal plant model

The row spacing of this model was 1.5 million 2m, and the number of plants per 667 square meters was 167 million 296 plants. The initial planting density (667 million 1184 plants / 667 square meters) was 4 times higher than that of full flowering stage. 333 million 592 plants were retained after one year, and 167 million 296 permanent plants were retained after 2 years. This model can be used for intercropping garlic, onion, spinach and other vegetable crops in the first year. The advantage of this model is that the growth of Flos Lonicerae can not be affected by crops, and the early yield is high. The yield can reach 10~20kg per 667m ~ 2 in the first year and 30kg / 40kg in the second year.

two。 Wide row dense plant model

In this model, the row spacing was 1.8 × 2m, the plant spacing was 1.6 × 2m, the density was 185cm / 667 m2, the initial planting density (740 × 924 plants / 667 m2) was 4 times of that in full bloom, and 370 trees / 462 plants were retained per 667 m2 after one year, and the permanent plants were retained for the second time after 2 years. Using this model, in the first year, in addition to intercropping vegetables, low-stalk crops such as barley and barley can also be intercropped, but the sowing width should not be more than 1m, so as not to affect the growth of honeysuckle. The advantage of this model is that it is convenient to manage in the field, but the growth of honeysuckle is slightly affected by crops.

3. Straight-through garden construction mode

Strong branches with diameter above 0.8cm and length 35~40cm were used as cuttings instead of seedlings to build a garden. The planting density and thinning steps were the same as model 1 and 2. The depth of the buried shoot is 1 + 2 / 2 / 3 of the length of the branch. After burying, the stem is thoroughly watered. 2 / 3 water is poured before overwintering, and the soil is buried to prevent freezing and preserve soil moisture before overwintering. When using this method to build a garden, it is necessary to consider the problem of replenishing seedlings, so the plants can be partially encrypted or double plants in one hole. The advantages of this model are that it can solve the problem of insufficient seedling source, and the disadvantages are that it is irreconcilable with crop management, and the survival rate is slightly lower than that of seedlings.

III. Main technical measures

1. Variety selection

There are many varieties of honeysuckle, and the excellent varieties cultivated in production are Fengqiu Daomao flower and Shandong chicken claw flower. Fengqiu big hairy flower is a national origin protected variety, the tree is erect, the branches are stout, and it is easy to shape and prune. Flower bud length 4~6cm, chlorogenic acid content 5.6%-6.7%, coordination of medicinal ingredients, resistance to diseases and insect pests, strong adaptability, flowers can be produced in the same year after planting, and 100~150kg can be produced per 667m2 after entering the peak period, which is the preferred variety in production.

two。 Garden site selection

Honeysuckle is resistant to drought, cold, waterlogging and spine. It is not strict with the soil, and can grow and blossom normally in slightly acidic and alkaline soil, but in order to meet the requirements of high yield, high quality and pollution-free cultivation, the garden should choose a plot with loose and fertile soil and convenient drainage and irrigation. And should stay away from cities, industrial and mining enterprises and traffic roads, atmosphere, soil, irrigation water should be tested to meet national standards.

3. Fine soil preparation

Before planting honeysuckle dense planting garden, the land should be leveled and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied. Every 667m2, 43.5 cubic meters of high-quality mature organic fertilizer, calcium superphosphate 50kg, ammonium bicarbonate 50kg, potassium sulfate 10kg, zinc sulfate 1kg should be applied. In order to eliminate underground pests, phoxim 1kg can be used every 667m2, mixed with fine sandy soil and 20kg before tillage, and soil treatment can be carried out. The depth of cultivated land is 25cm, followed by ploughing and raking, and then made into a border ridge with a width of 2mm.

4. Use strong seedlings

Strong seedling is the basis of improving survival rate, early budding and early high yield. at present, the strong seedling standards used in Fengqiu honeysuckle production are as follows: stout stem, short Internode, small hollow, seedling height above 50cm, old pile thickness above 0.8cm, old pile length above 15cm, new branch base thick above 0.5cm, new branch length above 30cm, and more than 3 lateral roots above 15cm. When strong seedlings are used, a large number of buds can be formed in the same year, and the peak yield period can be reached 2 ~ 3 years earlier.

5. Scientific planting

First, plan the planting point according to the determined row and plant distance, and then dig the planting hole of 50cm square at the planting point, and place the raw soil and mature soil separately. Each hole is filled with mature organic fertilizer 5~10kg, calcium superphosphate 0.3~0.5kg, fertilizer and mature soil, and one plant is planted in each hole. The planting depth is slightly deeper than that of the seedlings in the nursery, and the planting depth is a little deeper than that of the seedlings in the nursery. In order to improve the survival rate and return seedlings quickly, it should be watered again 2-3 weeks after planting, and then watered according to the situation.