Prevention of miscellaneous bacteria infection in the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus in North China

As the number of Pleurotus ostreatus production in the north increases year by year, the disease is serious, resulting in a decrease in production in light cases and a failure in heavy ones. In fact, the disease of edible fungi is not an incurable disease. As long as we grasp the law of its occurrence and development and find out its effective prevention and control methods, the problem can be solved. After years of cultivation practice, the author has found out the law of miscellaneous bacteria infection, and now introduces its causes and preventive methods as follows:

1 it is too late to start vaccination until April, because the weather has turned warm and it is easy to be infected with miscellaneous bacteria. From February to March, the inoculation was the best, because the edible fungus hyphae more than 5 ℃ began to germinate and grow, while the mold needed more than 15 ℃ to occur in large quantities. Therefore, it is necessary to arrange early inoculation with low-temperature bacteria, which can pass through the mold infection.

(2) the medium mixed with pine sawdust could inhibit the mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus, and the hyphae did not eat food, which led to the failure of a large number of miscellaneous bacteria in the later stage.

(3) the most suitable age for strain aging is about 40 Mel and 50 days from the beginning of inoculation. For the aged bacteria, the mycelium has matured, the mycelium grows slowly, and it is easy to be infected with miscellaneous bacteria in the later stage. Early production of bacteria, should be stored below 4 ℃, let the hyphae dormant, in order to prevent non-aging.

4 Indoor aseptic operation is not strict, there is no fixed inoculation room for Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated in rural areas, most of them are inoculated in residential areas, and there are many opportunities for pollution, so aseptic operation should be carried out strictly. If the inoculation room and mushroom should be thoroughly disinfected, the walls and greenhouses should be painted white (brush once with white ash), and all utensils and plastic film should be soaked with 3% soak. Workers wear sterilized white coats, hats (covering their hair) and face masks, wash their hands first, and then wipe their hands with 75% alcohol cotton balls before operation. Other people are not allowed to enter or leave during vaccination, let alone smoking, spitting or talking. After getting on the shelf, 3% Bordeaux liquid is sprayed regularly in the room.

(5) the amount of inoculation was less. The proportion of culture medium and strain under normal condition was 10:1. If the amount of inoculation is too small, the mycelium grows slowly and is easy to be infected with miscellaneous bacteria. If the seed dosage was increased appropriately, such as 10RU 1.5 or 10:2, the miscellaneous bacteria were seldom infected.

6 steaming and inoculating different steps of mushroom farmers first concentrate steaming, a few days later concentrated vaccination, resulting in more opportunities for pollution. The correct way is: take advantage of hot material packaging or bagging, cooling in the room, vaccination on the same day, can not be postponed to the next day.

(7) the hidden danger of the old mushroom house is that there are many spores of miscellaneous bacteria, which is easy to cause miscellaneous bacteria infection. Therefore, re-disinfect and brush white once before cultivation, and cross-disinfect with two kinds of disinfectants.

When the proportion of bran (bran) and sawdust is out of proportion, bran and bran should not exceed 20%, otherwise poor ventilation can easily lead to rancidity and infection of miscellaneous bacteria. In addition, bran and bran should be fresh, rancidity and moldy ones should not be used.

(9) the environment is polluted and the surrounding environment is unclean, and there are many spores of miscellaneous bacteria, resulting in serious infection. The cultivation farm should choose places with fresh air and good ventilation, and there should not be large dung yards, livestock sheds, garbage dumps and so on.

10 the thickness of medium with too thick mycelia is suitable for 8cm, that is, the loading 10cm is compressed to 8cm, the time for thick mycelium to be full of culture medium is prolonged, and the infection rate of miscellaneous bacteria is high.

11 the infection rate of the old plastic film that has been used once, especially the old film contaminated by mold is high. If you use the old film, rinse with lye first and then soak it with 3% Laisuer solution for one day and night, remove and shake off the water droplets before use.

12 humidity in the mushroom room when the mycelium grows, the indoor relative humidity should not exceed 70%, that is, it should be dry rather than wet. High humidity is needed when mushroom is produced, which can strengthen ventilation and absorb moisture by releasing lime indoors.

13 the humidity of the culture material of Pleurotus ostreatus should not exceed 65%, and the water mycelium grows slowly. If the hyphae have penetrated 1cm, the hyphae can be turned over and the hyphae can continue to grow because of the large moisture at the bottom.

14 the mycelium should be cultured on the shelf of direct sunlight culture medium to avoid light, and there is scattered light indoors, such as direct sunlight, the growth of mycelium will be inhibited. Therefore, in order to avoid light culture, do not let the sun shine on the bacteria.

15 the growth of dead-horn mycelium needs oxygen, and the growth period is well ventilated, which can make the mycelium grow rapidly and fill the culture medium ahead of time. Therefore, when building a mushroom house, the north-south window should be equal, the window should be large, the floor window should be level with the ground, and the roof should be equipped with a windshield.