Cultivation techniques of intercropping Lentinus edodes in fast-growing forest in Beijing

In order to protect and improve the ecological environment of the capital, the artificial fast-growing forest in the suburbs of Beijing has developed rapidly in recent years. Due to the long time of growing up, there is a contradiction between the short-term benefits of farmers and the long-term benefits of afforestation, which affects the enthusiasm of farmers for afforestation. Therefore, the effective use of idle land resources in the forest to develop edible fungus production is an effective way to accelerate afforestation farmers to get rich. Taking Lentinus edodes as an example, this paper introduces the cultivation techniques of fast-growing forest intercropping edible fungi.

1 selection of cultivation site

The fruiting body development stage of intercropping Lentinus edodes in woodland is carried out in the forest, and moderate scattered light is beneficial to the product with thick meat, short stalk, plump cap, dark color and luster. Therefore, the cultivation site generally chooses the forest with row spacing of 6 meters, tree spacing of 3 meters, tree age of more than 5 years and canopy density of about 0.7, which requires flat terrain and convenient water source.

2 cultivation season

The cultivation season was arranged according to the local climatic conditions and forest canopy closure. Generally, the forest production begins when the woodland is closed, and the production ends before the defoliation. In Beijing area, the original or cultivated species were made from late March to early March, cultivation bags were made in mid-and late March, and the bags of good bacteria were put into the woodland to produce mushrooms in batches from mid-May to early June, and ended in mid-September.

3Variety selection

The cultivation period coincides with the high temperature in summer, so the excellent strain of high temperature should be selected. Such as Wuxiang No. 1, L935, Hanxiang L266, Xiapang No. 1, Xiapang No. 2 and so on.

4. Production of bacterial rods

4.1 Formula 1: miscellaneous sawdust 54%, hardwood sawdust 25%, wheat bran 20%, gypsum 1%, magnesium sulfate or psilocybin 3 ‰; formula 2: 55% sawdust, 24% cottonseed hull, 18% wheat bran, 2% gypsum, 41% magnesium sulfate; formula 3: 80% cottonseed hull, 18% wheat bran, 1% gypsum, 1% white sugar. Formula 4: 45% cottonseed hull, 32% corncob, 20% wheat bran, 1% sugar, 1% calcium superphosphate, 1% gypsum. When matching cultivation raw materials, the formula can be selected flexibly according to local conditions, and the main materials must be fresh and mildew-free when preparing materials. Cottonseed shell contains a small amount of gossypol, which is not conducive to the mycelium growth of Lentinus edodes. Soak in 0.5%-1% lime water before use until saturated and then accumulate and ferment for 5-7 days, rinse to pH6.0~6.5 with clean water before use.

4.2 mix all kinds of dry materials well, magnesium sulfate, psilocybin and white sugar should be dissolved in water and then added, while mixing, while adding water repeatedly stirring, until there is no caking, the water content can reach 55% to 60%.

4.3 bagging can be bagged after half an hour after mixing with sterilized cultivation materials. A polyethylene bag with a length of 55 cm, a width of 15 cm and a thickness of 0.05 mm is used. The bag is tight without breaking the bag, tie the mouth with rope, the material bag is about 40 cm long. Steam sterilization was used at atmospheric pressure and kept at 100 ℃ for 15 hours for 20 hours.

4.4 after inoculation and sterilization in the germ bag, it was cooled to about 25 ℃, and inoculated according to the requirements of aseptic operation, with a seed dosage of about 10%. After inoculation, the cultivation bags were moved into the sterilization room, using well-shaped stacking, 4 bags per layer, code 6-8 layers. The room should be dark, with a temperature of 20: 25 ℃, a relative humidity of less than 60%, and regular ventilation. Pour the bag every 10: 15 to remove the seriously polluted bacteria bag. After about 50-60 days, the hyphae filled the bag with protuberance and local discoloration.

5 go into the forest and produce mushrooms

5.1 set up a cultivation shed and clean up the woodland and level the ground before entering the forest. A small arch shed is built with bamboo and wood materials between the rows of trees, with a width of 2 to 2.5 meters and a height of 1 to 1.2 meters. The length depends on the situation, and the shed is covered with plastic film. The mushroom bed in the shed is longitudinally stretched to build a mushroom rack with bamboo pole or iron wire 25 cm from the ground, which is used to put the mushroom stick, the row spacing is 20 cm, a total of 10-12 channels. A micro-spray belt is arranged on the roof along the length of the shed, and a sprinkler is arranged every 2 meters. A sunshade should be built about 2.5m above the border bed (with materials such as sunshade net or straw), and the edge of the awning should be more than 2 meters around the border bed, so that the sun from 9 to 16:00 can not direct into the bacterial bed.

5.2 remove the bag when the surface of the color-changing bacterial stick changes color about 1 to 4, and humidify the ground with clear water or 5% lime water before taking off the bag. After taking off the bag, press 70 * to lean against the mushroom rack and cover the greenhouse film. Keep the temperature 15: 23 ℃, spray water 2: 3 times a day, and give proper scattered light to avoid strong light. The bag is not ventilated on the 1st ~ 2nd day, and then change the air once or twice a day, 1 each time. About an hour. When spitting yellow water with bacterial sticks, spray to dilute the yellow water on the first day, and rinse the yellow water with rushing water the next day. The color change is usually completed in about 15 days.

The mycelium of Lentinus edodes is not resistant to high temperature. When the ambient temperature exceeds 35 ℃ and lasts for more than 4 hours, the mycelium begins to age, melt itself, soften the mycelia, and even burn rotting sticks. After changing color, the temperature of the stick was kept at 15: 30 ℃, and the temperature difference between day and night was increased to more than 10 ℃ to stimulate the formation of mushroom buds. Usually spray foggy water 2 or 3 times a day, and the air humidity is kept at 85% 95%. Ventilate once or twice a day for about 1 hour each time.

5.4 due to the high ambient temperature, Lentinus edodes grows fast and is easy to open umbrellas. The best harvest time is when the umbrella has not been fully opened, the edge of the cover is slightly rolled in to form a "gong edge", and the fold has all elongated and changed from white to light yellowish brown. Pick the big and leave the small when harvesting, avoid touching the small mushroom bud, be careful not to leave the mushroom foot. After each tide mushroom is harvested, enter the bacterial culture stage, stop spraying water for 3-5 days, appropriately increase the temperature, reduce the temperature difference between day and night, and reduce the air relative humidity to 70%-80%. After 7 days of culture, we entered the next trend of mushroom stimulation and mushroom management.

5.5 in the middle and later stage of mushroom production, the bacteria stick is lack of water, and it is difficult to produce mushroom, so it is necessary to replenish water in time. The needle water injection method can be used to make the bacterial stick after water injection reach about 95% of the original rod weight, and other management measures are basically the same as the previous mushroom production management.