Cultivation techniques of Green Organic Lentinus edodes in Changbai Mountain

Edible mushroom industry is a very important development project, it is one of the three major industries of modern agricultural production (that is, planting, aquaculture and edible fungus industry). It is a green food for human survival and has great development potential.

Baishan City has dense forests, abundant rainfall and large temperature difference between day and night, which is very suitable for the growth and reproduction of edible medicinal fungi dominated by Lentinus edodes. Through the establishment of green (organic) shiitake production demonstration base, the industrial structure of forestry and agriculture can be further adjusted, and some forestry workers and farmers can be separated from traditional logging and grain cultivation to engage in the standardized production of green (organic) Lentinus edodes. It can not only develop the regional economy, but also drive the local farmers and social idle labor force to get rich, and it is also a broad way to speed up the adjustment of regional agricultural industrial structure.

I. the development prospect of green (organic) Lentinus edodes in Changbai Mountain.

At present, Lentinus edodes is mainly consumed by countries and regions in the world, and the demand for fresh mushroom consumption is increasing day by day. With the increase of output and the increasing depletion of resources in the south, coupled with the influence of climatic conditions, labor costs and many other factors, the production base of Lentinus edodes in the south is gradually transferred to the north. At present, the main production areas of Lentinus edodes have been transferred to Liaoning and Jilin. As far as Liaoning and Jilin are concerned, some have resources but no technology, and some have technology without resources. Therefore, it restricts the development of Lentinus edodes production. Lentinus edodes products are far from meeting the needs of domestic and foreign markets. Baishan City is densely forested, with a forest coverage rate of 78%, rich in forest by-products such as tips and branches, superior natural conditions, strong technical force, low unit cost and high product quality. Baishan Green (Organic) Lentinus edodes has broad development prospects.

2. Cultivation methods of green (organic) Lentinus edodes in Changbai Mountain.

(1) production and selection of bacteria.

Lentinus edodes strains can be divided into mother species, original species and cultivated species. The production unit of the mother seed must be a designated production unit recognized by the competent agricultural administrative department at a higher level, obtain a production license and a professional research unit with corresponding technical level, and the general grower can purchase the original seed from these units and produce cultivated seeds for production.

A, original seed: it is the granular strain that we transferred from the mother species.

1. Make culture medium: first wash the glass bottle with white ash water, then wash and dry with clean water, wash and boil the corn kernels until crisp but not rotten, cool, mix a little sawdust medium, bottle to the shoulder of the bottle, cover with 1cm thick sawdust culture medium, then seal with cotton plug, cover with double Kraft paper. Sterilize in a high-pressure steam sterilizer, keep the temperature at 1.5 KPA for 2 hours, let it cool and wait for bacteria.

two。 Pick up bacteria: put the bottle into the sterilized inoculation box, then put the surface sterilized alcohol lamp, cotton plug, inoculation shovel, inoculation rake, tweezers and matches into the box, then seal the box and sterilize with oxygen atom sterilizer for half an hour. Inoculation is to divide the test tube seeds into small pieces and put them in a bottle, cover them with cotton plugs, and culture them.

3. Culture: the flask after receiving the bacteria was put into the culture room and cultured at room temperature for 24 ℃ and 24 ℃ for 30 days.

B. the production of cultivated species of Lentinus edodes mainly includes ingredients, bagging, sterilization, inoculation, culture management and so on.

1. Preparation of culture material

(1) Formula: (mixed sawdust medium formula) 94% miscellaneous sawdust, 4% wheat bran, 1% gypsum, 1% sugar, 1 ∶ 1: 1.2 ratio of material to water.

(2) mixing material: mix the sawdust, wheat bran and gypsum dry material according to the formula, then dissolve the sugar in water, add the dry material and mix well, after half an hour, hold the material by hand, there is a small amount of water overflowing between the fingers, and the water content can reach 60%.

two。 Bagging

(1) selection of strain bag: low-pressure polyethylene bag is often used for atmospheric pressure sterilization, which can withstand the pressure below 0.1 MPA, poor transparency, but good toughness, and the commonly selected specification is 14cm × 27cm × 0.004cm 0.005cm corner bag.

(2) loading: refers to loading the prepared culture material into the strain bag in time. Each bag contains 0.4-0.6 kg of wet material, and the height of the compacted material is 10-12 cm. If a hole with a depth of 6 cm to 8 cm is inserted in the middle of the material with a thick and pointed stick with a diameter of 1 cm to 1.5 cm after the completion of loading, it is helpful to speed up the speed of bacteria infection and facilitate inoculation.

3. Sterilization

High pressure sterilization and atmospheric pressure sterilization are often used for cultivated species. High pressure steam sterilization should be kept at 0.15 MPA in steam pressure and 1.5 min at 126 ℃ for 2 hours, while steam sterilization at atmospheric pressure should be kept at 10 min / d when the feed temperature reached 98 MPA / 100 ℃.

4. Inoculation

It is usually carried out in the inoculation box and the inoculation room. Sterilize the surface with an ozone atomic sterilizer for half an hour, disinfect the surface with 75% alcohol, then move the original seed to the material bag according to the aseptic operation rules, and plug the cotton plug. Generally, each bottle of original seed can receive 40-50 bags of cultivated species.

5. Culture management

The cultivation of cultivated species is generally carried out in the culture room, which is required to be clean and dry, with good ventilation and temperature control conditions. During the whole management period, the main management work includes temperature control, ventilation, inspection of bacteria and timely elimination of pollution.

The main results are as follows: (1) temperature regulation: pay attention to the difference between material temperature and room temperature when adjusting temperature. The mycelium will produce heat in the process of growth, and the material temperature is often higher than room temperature. With the extension of culture time, the difference between material temperature and room temperature increases. According to this principle, the initial temperature of the culture room should be higher, the temperature should be controlled at 24: 26 ℃, and the room temperature should be controlled at 20: 22 ℃ 15 days after inoculation.

(2) humidity control: the relative humidity of the air in the culture room should be controlled at 60-70%. The bacteria with too high humidity are easy to be contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria, and the humidity is too low, which can easily lead to the loss of water in the surface culture material of the original species, which leads to difficulty in eating or slow growth of bacteria.

(3) ventilation: ventilation can reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the culture room, increase the amount of oxygen, and adjust the temperature of the culture room. When the temperature is high, ventilation should be carried out from evening to early morning; when the temperature is low, it should be carried out when the temperature is high at noon.

(4) avoiding light: the mycelium growth of Lentinus edodes does not need light, and the mycelium growth is exuberant and white under dark conditions, while strong light will inhibit the mycelium growth. Therefore, strain culture should be carried out under the condition of avoiding light, especially to avoid strong light.

(5) observation of pathogenic bacteria and examination of miscellaneous bacteria: contamination and examination of miscellaneous bacteria should be carried out frequently in the process of culture. In order to ensure the purity of the cultivated species, the period from 7 days after inoculation to the mycelium covered with the surface of the culture material is the key period for the examination of miscellaneous bacteria. Once miscellaneous bacteria are found, they should be eliminated in time. Hair bacteria examination should be carried out at any time during the whole culture period, and when abnormal mycelium growth is found, the cause should be found in time.

Under suitable culture conditions, after 35-40 days of culture, the hyphae can grow full of the whole bag, and the cultivated species can be used for production. If the cultivated bacteria can not be produced for a while, they should be stored in a cool, dry, ventilated and dark place in time, and it is better to move them to a low-temperature cold storage if possible.

(2) operating rules for the production of bacterial sticks

1. Mix side: sawdust 95%, wheat bran 4%, gypsum powder 1%. First of all, sift the sawdust, sprinkle with wheat bran and gypsum powder, mix it in the blender for a while, then mix with water, the ratio of material to water is 1 ∶ 1: 1.2, the water content is 58%, and the PH value is 6: 6.5.

two。 Bagging: use the bagging machine 5-8 people as a group, one person to fill the material, one person to pack the bag, one person to pack the bag, and the rest to seal. The tightness of the material is moderate, and the mouth of the bag must be fastened with a tearing film.

3. Sterilization: put the material rod into the atmospheric pressure sterilization pot for sterilization. When the material rods are placed, the upper and lower bags should be in a straight line, and space should be left in the middle of the front and back stack, so that the air flow can be smooth from the bottom to the top, so as to avoid "dead corner". It is necessary to ignite and heat up in time, so that the steamer can rise to 100 ℃ within 5 hours as soon as possible, and the constant temperature lasts for 18 hours.

4. Receiving bacteria: the sterilized material rods are put out of the pot and stacked in the shape of a "well" for cooling. Seven people were divided into a group. first, the cooled rods were sterilized with an oxygen atom sterilizer for 1 hour. in the receiving tent, before the sterilizer, one person punched a hole, three people ordered seeds, two people bagged and one person stabbed.

5. Culture: the bacterial rods connected with the bacteria are stacked in the shape of "well" with a height of 13 layers, cultured at a constant temperature of 24.2 ℃ or 24.2 ℃ at room temperature, waiting for the bacterial circle to grow to 6cm and 8cm, and begin to take off the bag; when the mycelium is full of the whole rod, put "atmosphere" in the early stage of color conversion, and pierce about 120 holes on all sides. When entering the color conversion period, you have to turn the pile several times until all the colors are changed; in the early stage of mushroom emergence, the overweight stick is pierced again to evaporate the water in the stick to reach the water content of the mushroom stage.