Cultivation techniques of Lentinus edodes with bag material

Lentinus edodes is one of the earliest artificial cultivation of edible fungi in China. The traditional cultivation method is mainly Linden. Linden Lentinus edodes has compact texture and good quality, but the production cycle is long, the yield is low and the cost is high. Substitute cultivation technology has the advantages of wide source of raw materials, short production cycle, high yield and high income, so it has become the main way of Lentinus edodes cultivation at present. The production process of Lentinus edodes substitute cultivation can be divided into three aspects: bag making, bag removal and color conversion and mushroom production management.

First, bag-making Lentinus edodes is saprophytic bacteria, which does not contain chlorophyll and can not carry out photosynthesis. it can only absorb carbohydrates and nitrogen compounds as well as a small amount of minerals and auxins from the substrate provided to it.

Commonly used recipes are:

1. Miscellaneous sawdust 78%, wheat bran 20%, sugar 1%, gypsum 1%, water 120m 125 jin, PH value is natural.

2. 78% of sawdust, 15% of wheat bran, 5% of bran noodles, 1% of gypsum, 1% of calcium superphosphate, 120 jin of water, 125 jin of water, natural PH value.

3. Miscellaneous sawdust 40%, cotton hull 40%, wheat bran 18%, sugar 1%, gypsum 1%, water 120m2 125jin, PH value is natural.

4. Miscellaneous sawdust 20%, bagasse 58%, wheat bran 20%, sugar 0.5%, gypsum 1.5%, water 120-125 jin, PH value is natural.

5. Cotton hull 90%, wheat bran 8%, sugar 1%, gypsum 1%, water 110-130 jin, PH value is natural. The above raw materials must be fresh, mildew-free and moth-free. Among them, pine, fir and nanmu and camphor wood shavings with more aromatic substances can not be used in the substitute cultivation of Lentinus edodes.

When using the above formula, 0.1% carbendazim (50% content) has a certain effect on the inhibition of miscellaneous bacteria. That is, 1000 kg plus 1 kg of carbendazim in the family.

The culture department was sterilized for 10 ℃ for 12 hours, and the bacteria were inoculated and cultured in the bag after cooling. Strict aseptic operation must be carried out during vaccination. The material temperature should be kept at 18 ℃ 23 ℃ during mycelium culture. When the material temperature reaches 25 ℃, the material temperature should be turned over in time, and the doors and windows should be opened to dissipate heat. 7 days after inoculation, it is necessary to check whether the mycelium is infected by miscellaneous bacteria, and then turn the pile every 5 times every 7 days, and find that miscellaneous bacteria should be eliminated immediately. When the bacteria bag is cultured for 50-60 days, the bacteria tube is mature, the hyphae in the bag are wavy or form a little primordium, some brown water droplets appear around the inoculation block (hole), and when there are sporadic primordia on the surface of the bacteria tube, the bag can be removed and changed color.

Second, the quality of bag removal and color conversion of Lentinus edodes tube will directly affect the time, quality and yield of Lentinus edodes. The bag must be removed in sunny or cloudy days, with no northwest wind, the temperature is 15-25 ℃, and the most suitable temperature is 20-22 ℃. Gently cut the film with a knife and tear it off carefully. put the bacteria tube at a distance of 10 centimeters and tilt 80 degrees to the ground. The color change of the bacterial tube mainly depends on the artificial adjustment to control the microclimate in the covering film.

The specific measures are as follows: after the bacteria tube is removed from the bag, if the temperature in the film is between 20 ℃ and 22 min, the relative humidity of the air is 85% and the relative humidity is 85%. Do not lift the film within 5 days, so that the mycelium can adapt to the new environment and return to normal growth. But when the temperature exceeds 25 min, the film should be opened the next day, ventilated and cooled down. If the temperature is below 20 ℃, the film will not be ventilated until 8 days later, in short, the mycelium on the surface of the bacterial tube should be restored to grow, and a layer of thick white aerial hyphae should be grown before it begins to lift the film. The purpose of lifting the film is to increase oxygen, lower the temperature, prevent the mycelium from growing, and prevent mold harm. Under normal circumstances, after taking off the bag, 3muri will be ventilated twice a day for 30 minutes each time. When there are light yellow water droplets in the bacterial tube, you can spray fine water gently with a sprayer, then cover the film tightly, so that the yellow water is evenly distributed on the surface of the bacterial tube. The next day, rinse the bacterial tube with a sprayer, wash the yellow water, ventilate until the surface of the bacterial tube is dried without sticky hands and have a slightly sticky feeling, and then cover the film without lifting within 5 days. Then every day at 9 am and 3 pm set off the film ventilation, emit moisture, increase scattered light, enlarge the dry and wet difference on the surface of the bacterial tube, so that the bacterial tube can change color normally after repeated 2murl for 3 days. It usually takes about 15 days from taking off the bag to changing color.

3. Management of mushroom production after opening the bag for 20 days, the mycelium has changed color normally, the mycelium has stored extremely rich nutrients, and the mycelium has strong vitality. At this time, it must be given certain humidity difference, day-night temperature difference and light stimulation. The mycelium is suddenly affected by an external adverse environmental conditions, the mycelium vitality will be relatively weakened, and begin to transform from the vegetative stage to the reproductive growth stage, and interweave and kink each other to form the primordium. Then into a mushroom bud, when the mushroom camp grows to the size of soybeans, it should provide sufficient water in time to facilitate the growth of the fruiting body.

The specific measures are: in areas with small temperature difference between day and night, it is generally necessary to cover the mushroom bed with a film during the day to reduce ventilation and increase the temperature of the microclimate in the bed, and it is best to lift the film at 4 o'clock in the morning at night, so that the temperature of the mushroom bed drops sharply and the temperature difference is artificially created, so that the fungus tube can produce primordium and develop into a mushroom bud for 3 times in a row. Do not lift the film for 3 consecutive days and nights when the temperature has been at 20 ℃. After 4 days, take advantage of the low temperature in the evening to lift the film and combine with watering to cool down, which is also conducive to mushroom production. In case of continuous low temperature, part of the shade above the mushroom farm can be properly removed during the day, and the use of sunlight to increase the temperature of the mushroom bed to more than 15 ℃ may also make the primordium form mushroom buds smoothly. When budding, the humidity in the greenhouse should be increased to about 85%. When the first batch of Lentinus edodes is harvested, it needs to be stopped for 5 days, and the covering film will increase the number of ventilation to facilitate the recovery and kink of the mycelium. When the mycelium of the harvested part turned white, it indicated that the growth had resumed, and then increased the temperature to create a temperature difference between day and night to promote the formation of the second batch of mushroom buds. When the mushroom body grew to 2 cm, it began to spray water, and the temperature was above 20 ℃. Water was sprayed in the morning and evening.

Two batches of mushrooms are harvested and then managed according to the head batch of mushrooms. after several batches of long mushrooms, the water content in the mushroom tube is reduced to about 35% of the original weight, and then the method of spraying water can no longer meet the moisture requirements of mushroom production. The method of immersion or water injection must be adopted to make the mushroom tube reach its original weight and restore its ability to produce mushroom. When soaking or injecting water, do not let the mushroom tube draw too much water. Cause the fungus tube to rot and disintegrate and lose the ability to produce mushrooms. cover the film after soaking in water, ventilate and ventilate 1 / 2 times a day, and enlarge the temperature difference stimulation to promote the formation of primordium. When the fruiting body of Lentinus edodes grows to eight minutes of maturity, a little inside the edge of the cover forms a "gong edge". When the strain changes from white to yellowish, the quality is the best and should be harvested and processed in time.