Diagnosis and treatment of eperythrozoonosis secondary to canine distemper

Canine distemper is mainly harmful to puppies, and its pathogen is canine distemper virus. The sick dog is characterized by bipolar fever, rhinitis, severe digestive tract disorders and respiratory tract inflammation. However, the cases of mixed infection of canine distemper and canine eperythrozoon are relatively rare.

1 morbidity and symptoms

The sick dog was 8 months old and was clinically diagnosed as canine distemper with a course of 1 week and has been treated with canine serum and antibiotics.

When he came to our hospital, he was confirmed to have secondary lobar pneumonia with a body temperature of 40.6 ℃, showing biphasic fever (that is, the initial body temperature increased to about 40 ℃, then decreased to normal after 1 to 3 days, and then increased again after 2 to 3 days). Respiratory symptoms occurred when the body temperature increased for the second time, coughing, sneezing, serous to purulent nasal juice, dry nose: eyelid swelling, suppurative conjunctivitis, corneal ulcer in the later stage. There are large red spots of rice grains, edema and suppurative papules on the skin of the external auditory canal; frequent vomiting; initial constipation, soon dysentery, smelly feces, sometimes mixed with blood and air bubbles.

While our hospital continued to use high immune serum treatment, combined with cephalosporin antibiotics and other drugs to control the disease.

A week later, the sick dog was brought to our hospital by the livestock owner with a body temperature of 40.3 ℃, loss of appetite, dry feces, nasal secretions, rapid heartbeat, visual mucosal initial hyperemia, post-pallor, mild jaundice, yellow urine, similar to porcine eperythrozoon.

2 laboratory diagnosis

2.1 Blood test

One drop of venous blood (or anticoagulant blood) of the forelimb was taken, mixed with the same amount of normal saline, and covered with a glass slide. under a 400-600 times dark field microscope, the worm was spherical, comma, rod-shaped or granular. A single eperythrozoon has a strong movement, which can be rolled or twisted in front, back, left and right. Generally speaking, the activity of a single large eperythrozoon is weaker than that of a small eperythrozoon. In those who gather into clusters, close to or attached to erythrocytes, their activity is weakened or inactive.

If it can not be examined on the spot, take anticoagulant 1mL (heparin or sodium citrate), add 10% formalin 1mL, mix it well, and send it to the laboratory for acridine orange staining. It can be seen that the eperythrozoon is light to dark orange yellow.

2.2 Blood stain examination

Blood smears were taken from the veins of the forelimbs of diseased dogs (without alcohol cotton balls to prevent erythrocyte degeneration), dripped on slides, stained with Wright's staining, the worms were stained purple-blue, and then examined with a high-power microscope. Red blood cells were star-shaped or sawtooth-shaped, with blue-black particles on the surface of 1 to 3, and more than 3 to 5 or 10, and worms could also be seen in plasma. Giemsa staining oil microscope observation. The eperythrozoon is infected into lavender, and there is a white ring in the periphery. When the fretting spiral is adjusted, the refraction is strong, and the center of the eperythrozoon shines like a vacuole. The shape of dog eperythrozoon is mostly circular, round, oval, dot-shaped, rod-shaped and horseshoe-shaped, and most of them gather on the surface of red blood cells, ranging from 3 to 5 to 20 to 30, with uneven edges. Red blood cells lose spherical shape, irregular edges, some are gear-shaped, star-shaped, some are irregular polygons and other flat shapes. The eperythroid body is flexible and can be stretched, rotated, before and after, left and right, up and down.

Microscopic examination should be associated with clinical symptoms and pathological changes in order to diagnose the disease.

3 treatment

Xuechongting (yellow pigment), Aocin, Qidosu, Tianneng and Baidu Kuaidian were injected intramuscularly according to the dose of 1mL/kg, twice a day, and Shengxuebao was injected intramuscularly once a day for one week. After the above treatment, the return visit 2 weeks later, the condition was stable, the body temperature was normal, and the appetite returned to normal.

4 summary and experience

4.1 regular vaccination

In order to improve the immune effect, it should be vaccinated according to the following immunization procedure. The puppies were immunized for the first time at 6 weeks old, the second immunization at 8 weeks old and the third immunization at 10 weeks old. After that, the mice were immunized once a year with a dose of 2mL each time, and a certain immune effect could be obtained. In view of the fact that the vaccine takes a certain period of time (7 to 10 days) to produce a good immune effect, and at present, the epidemic of canine distemper is relatively common. Some dogs have been infected with canine distemper virus before vaccination, but do not show clinical symptoms. When under the influence of some stress factors (changes in living conditions, long-distance transportation, etc.), it can still stimulate the presentation of clinical symptoms. This is one of the important reasons why some dogs still have epidemic diseases such as canine distemper after vaccination. in order to improve the immune effect and reduce the infection rate, when buying puppies, it is best to first vaccinate the puppies with dog Wulian hyperimmune serum 4: 5ml and then give it once again after 1 week, and then vaccinate it according to the above-mentioned immune procedure 2 weeks later, which is not only safe and reliable, but also can reduce the incidence of disease.

4.2 strengthen veterinary health and epidemic prevention measures

In the epidemic season of the disease, contact with sick dogs is strictly prohibited.

4.3 timely isolation treatment

Timely detection of sick dogs, early isolation treatment, prevention of secondary infection, which is the key to improve the cure rate and reduce mortality. The early stage of the disease can be injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously with anti-canine distemper hyperimmune serum (or canine Wulian hyperimmune serum) or recovered canine serum (or whole blood). The dosage of serum should be determined according to the condition and the size of the dog. 5~10mL/ is usually used for 3-5 days, and a certain curative effect can be obtained. Kangduling lyophilized powder injection combined with high immune serum can improve the therapeutic effect. The usage and dosage are as follows: dissolving Kangduling with sterilized normal saline or water for injection 20mL before treatment, intravenous drip of 2-4 bottles in medium-sized dogs, and the dosage can be reduced in younger dogs. In addition, early application of antibiotics combined with symptomatic treatment is of great significance for the prevention of secondary infection of bacteria and other diseases and the rehabilitation of diseased dogs.

4.4 strengthen disinfection

Kennels and sports grounds should be thoroughly disinfected with all kinds of disinfectants, such as Baisu, 1210, Weidao brand disinfectant, sodium hypochlorite and so on.

Canine eperythrozoonosis was found for the first time in our hospital, especially secondary to canine distemper. In the treatment, symptomatic treatment measures should be taken as soon as possible to prevent the decline of immunity from secondary infection of other diseases, including canine eperythrozoon infection.