Brief introduction of raccoon dog varieties and selection criteria

1. Variety

Racoon dogs belong to carnivores, canines and medium fur animals. According to Chinese fauna (1987), racoon dogs can be divided into three subspecies, namely named subspecies, northeast subspecies and southwest subspecies.

① named subspecies: from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces and regions, 50~53cm body length, short coat, brown-yellow undercoat, less black hair tip of needle hair, black vertical lines on the back are not obvious.

② northeast subspecies: from Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and other provinces, 56~90cm, long and thick hair, black back grain is obvious, the bottom is bluish gray or light yellow.

③ southwest subspecies: found in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other provinces, the body shape is significantly smaller than the northeast subspecies, close to the named subspecies. The bottom wool is empty and dark gray, and the needle hair is mostly black-gray hair tip, which is very short.

According to Yoshio Yoshio Igawa (1941), there are 7 subspecies of raccoon dogs in China:

① raccoon dogs are produced in Daxing'an Mountains, Changbai Mountain, Sanjiang Plain, North-South Plain and other places; ② Korean raccoon dogs are produced in the southern areas of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning.

③ Amour raccoon dogs are produced in the border area between China and Russia.

④ Jiangxi raccoon dog is produced in Jiangxi and its surrounding provinces.

⑤ raccoon dogs are produced in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Anhui, Jiangxi and other provinces.

⑥ Hubei raccoon dog is produced in Hubei and Sichuan provinces.

⑦ Yunnan raccoon dog is produced in Yunnan and its surrounding provinces.

At present, China's artificial breeding, high economic value is the northeast subspecies, that is, mainly Ursuli raccoon dogs, as well as Korean raccoon dogs and Amur raccoon dogs.

2. The figure and appearance of the raccoon dog in Ursuli.

The figure is similar to that of a fox, but it is fat, short and thick, with a short tail and short limbs. The coat is long and fluffy and the bottom is rich. Toe sex, touch the ground with your toes. There are well-developed foot pads on both front and rear limbs. The claws are short and thick and cannot be stretched. The coat is usually bluish gray or bluish yellow, with short-pointed kisses and long colored hairs on the cheeks, with a dark brown coat around the eyes to the lower jaw, showing a distinct "eight" shape, and connected to the forelimbs through the throat and forechest. Most of the needle hairs along the center of the back have black tips, forming a black longitudinal pattern with unclear boundaries to varying degrees, extending back to the back of the tail, and the deeper the vertical level is closer to the end of the tail. The coat on the back is dark and bluish gray; the coat on the side of the abdomen is grayish yellow or brown; the coat on the abdomen is the lightest, grayish white or yellowish white; and the hair on the limbs is dark, black or dark brown.

Adult male raccoon dog weight 5.5~8.0kg, body length 58~67cm, body height 28cm 38cm, adult female raccoon dog weight 5.3~7.5kg, body length 57~65cm, body height 25~35cm.

The Special products Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, using the mutant white gene in wild coat color (common color type), has successfully bred our existing new color raccoon dog, Jilin white raccoon dog, after 16 years of research. From the phenotypic point of view, there are two kinds of new-color white raccoon dogs: one is that the needles and villi of other parts of the body are pure white except the rims of the eyes, the margin of the ear, the tip of the nose, claws and the tip of the tail; the other is that the hairs and villi of all parts of the body are pure white. The body shape, appearance, habit and fecundity of the two kinds of white raccoon dogs are the same as those of wild raccoon dogs, which are docile, easy to be obese and have a large body weight. The fur colors of these two kinds of white raccoon dogs are adorable, and their furs are favored by businessmen at home and abroad, and the price is higher than that of wild fur.

3. The standard of raccoon dogs in Ursuli

① plush quality needle hair black, dense, evenly distributed, flat, no white needle hair, hair length 8cm 9cm; villi bluish gray, dense, flat and evenly distributed, length 5~6cm. The difference of dorsal and abdominal hair is small, and the coat is shiny.

② weaning weight > 1.4kg, body length > 40cm, 5-month-old body weight > 5.0kg, body length > 60cm, adult raccoon dog (11 ~ 12 months) weight > 6.0kg, body length > 65cm. It requires big body, loose skin, bright eyes, strong limbs, strong body and no disease.

③ fecundity adult male raccoon dog mating ability is more than 10 times, so that the mating rate of the female raccoon dog is high, the fetus is more than 10; the adult female raccoon dog is required to be in estrus in early March, and the fetus survives more than 8; the same litter raccoon dog should be more than 5, the growth and development is good, the external genitals are normal, and the effective nipple is more than 4 pairs. The ratio of male to female is 1 ┱ 2: 3.