Technical points of applying base fertilizer in autumn

1. Benefits of autumn basal fertilizer

Autumn base fertilizer application time, generally in autumn 9-10 months. This is because this time is a growth peak of the root system, the injured root is easy to heal, and the nutrient storage level can be improved. In addition, the temperature is high at this time, and the soil temperature is appropriate, which is conducive to the propagation of microorganisms, the decomposition and root absorption of organic fertilizer, the increase of fertilizer utilization rate, the increase of stress resistance, especially cold resistance, and the continuous differentiation and enrichment of flower buds. The organic fertilizer can meet the requirements of germination, flowering, branching, Nutrients needed for leaf expansion. At the same time, applying base fertilizer in autumn can improve soil structure and fertility, which is an important management measure.

II. Types of Fertilization

Mainly organic fertilizer (enclosure manure, compost, dried chicken manure, various cake manure, grass manure, green manure) These fertilizers contain a variety of nutrients required by plants, orchards with more organic fertilizer, rich in trace elements, not easy to occur deficiency. Therefore, organic fertilizer is an important fertilizer for high yield, stable yield and high quality of fruit trees.

III. Reasonable allocation and consumption

Autumn fertilizer base fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer supplemented. According to different age, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fertilizer is also different, and the young trees should have more nitrogen fertilizer. The result tree phosphorus potash fertilizer must suitably many. Fertilization amount should be determined according to unit area, age and yield. Young trees apply 15 kg of organic fertilizer and 1 kg of chemical fertilizer; the fruit trees are determined according to the yield. For orchards with a yield of 2000 kg per mu, the organic fertilizer should reach jin fruit fertilizer; for orchards with a yield of more than 3000 kg per mu, the organic fertilizer should reach "jin fruit half fertilizer" or "jin fruit two jin fertilizer". On the basis of applying organic fertilizer, 150 kg nitrogen fertilizer, 100 kg phosphorus fertilizer and 100 kg potassium fertilizer were applied per mu. The amount of fertilizer applied in autumn should account for more than 80% of the amount of fertilizer applied in the whole year.

IV. Methods of Fertilization

Young trees are treated with circular furrows. Strip-furrow, radiation-furrow, hole-hole or whole-garden sowing methods are adopted for mature trees; hole-storage fertilizer and water method should be adopted for orchards in mountainous dryland, and the specific methods are as follows:

A. Circular groove application. Along the periphery of the tree crown, dig a circular trench 30-40 cm wide and 30-50 cm deep, apply fertilizer into the trench, and then cover with soil.

2. Strip trench casting. Dig a trench 50 cm deep and 40 cm wide on opposite sides of the crown, slightly shorter than the crown, apply fertilizer to the trench, and cover with soil. Next year, switch to trenching on the other side.

3. Radial groove casting. Take the trunk as the center, dig 3-5 horizontal grooves about 40 cm wide and 30-50 cm deep at the place 1 meter away from the trunk, extending from shallow to deep to the outer edge of the crown. This method hurts less roots, and can change the fertilizer position every other year, which is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of fertilizer.

4. Point-casting. Dig 4-6 deep pits with depth of 50 cm and diameter of 40 cm under the tree tray within 30 cm of the periphery of the tree crown and around the tree crown, apply fertilizer and cover with soil.

5. The whole garden was cast with magic. Sprinkle the fertilizer over the orchard and turn it into the soil to a depth of about 20-30 cm.

Method of storing fertilizer and water in acupoints. Dig 4 holes 50cm in diameter and 40cm in depth along the outer edge of tree crown. The holes are big at the bottom and small at the top. A bundle of soaked straw stalks or orange stems is erected in the center of the holes. The straw stalks are 20cm in thickness and 30cm in length. After being erected into the straw stalks, organic and inorganic fertilizers are mixed in each hole.(Quantitative according to tree size) The grass should be filled around, then watered 30 kg, finally covered with thick plastic film, the edge compacted with soil, 3-5 holes on each hole film, so as to fertilize watering and rainwater penetration. The valid period of the hole is 3-5 years, and the plastic film is changed once a year.

Base fertilizer application in autumn is the foundation of high quality and high yield of fruits. This work must be done well in order to achieve better harvest of fruits in the coming year.