Hairy peach variety: Chashan early honey

1 selection and breeding process

169 natural pollinated seeds of pure Yuhualu peach were obtained in July 1994. After stratification treatment, 126 seedlings of offspring were obtained in 1995, which were numbered 001Mui 126 respectively. They were planted in Chashan practice Base of Linyi normal University in 1996. From 1998 to 1999, five lines with better performance were grafted in the high-tech experimental park and production park of Chashan base in 2000. After 3 years of character observation, No. 026 showed early fruit, large fruit and good flavor. It was identified by expert group in 2002 and named Chashanzaomi.

2Botanical characters

The tree growth is exuberant, the tree posture is more open, and the growth of new shoots reaches 86.2cm. Perennial branches gray-white, lifetime branches light brown. Leaf blade lanceolate, bright, dark green. The middle leaf of the branch is longer 14.2cm and wider 3.89cm, which is wider than other varieties, and the leaf margin is sparse. The leaves are red in autumn. Flower buds are enlarged and plump, mainly compound flower buds. Flowers rose-shaped, Corolla diameter 3.0cm, pink, pistil slightly lower than stamens, pollen, high self-setting rate.

3Biological characters

3.1 the phenological phase is in Chashan area of Shandong Province, the flower bud germination begins in late March, the flowering stage is in the middle of April, the fruit ripening period is in the first and middle of June, and the fruit development period is 60 days. Compared with other precocious peaches in the same region, such as Spring Bud (Shanghai 005), the ripening period was about 5 days later. Leaves fall in the first ten days of November.

3.2 Fruit characteristics: the fruit is nearly round, neat, the top of the fruit is raised, the suture line is obvious, and the two sides are symmetrical. The fruit is large, with an average single fruit weight of 160g. The background of the pericarp is milky white and pink. The flesh is milky white, with the same maturity, medium juice, hard solute, aroma, sweet and sour palatability, strong flavor and good taste. The content of soluble solids is 11.2%, soluble sugar is 8.1%, and titratable acid is 0.36%. The sticky nucleus, the nucleus is small and indehiscent, and most seeds are immature. The fruit is more resistant to storage and transportation.

3.3 results the habitual tree is strong, drought-resistant, barren-tolerant and adaptable. It is easy to form flowers, there are many compound flower buds, and long, medium and short fruit branches can bear fruit. The proportion of fruiting branches of young trees is 36.5% for long fruit branches, 36.9% for medium fruit branches and 26.5% for short fruit branches. 3-year-old trees produced 20.2kg, 4-year-old trees produced 30.3kg, and the full fruit period produced about 667 square meters of 1600kg.

4 key points of cultivation techniques

Chashanzaomi is drought-resistant, cold-resistant, barren-resistant and adaptable to a wide range of areas. Due to the early ripening of the fruit, it is suitable for development in the suburbs. The row spacing of cultivated plants in mountainous and hilly areas is 2mx3m, and that in plain land is 4mx4m. The most suitable tree shape is natural happy shape. Although the pollen of Chashan early honey is fertile and the seed setting rate of self-flowering is high, pollination trees should also be allocated to improve yield and quality. The planting should pay attention to picking the heart in summer in order to promote the branching, speed up the crown expansion and take shape as soon as possible. The winter pruning of young trees should adopt the method of long shoot pruning, with more thinning and less cutting. After entering the fruiting period, the double branches should be renewed and the reserve branches should be kept to prevent the fruit site from moving out. In summer, pay attention to the removal of dense branches, strong branches on the back and disease and insect branches, appropriate twisting, in order to improve ventilation and light transmission conditions. Proper application of plant growth regulators to young and prosperous trees, spraying or applying paclobutrazol (also known as PP333) at the initial stage of branch growth can effectively control the growth of branches and facilitate the formation of flower buds. The effect of paclobutrazol can last for 3 years.

The diseases and insect pests during the growth period are peach aphid, red spider, peach leaf miner, anthracnose and bacterial perforation. Before germination, spray 3-Mel-5-Baumedu stone-sulfur mixture before germination to control red spider and powdery mildew. Before and after flowering, peach aphids were sprayed once or imidacloprid, after leaf spreading, carbendazim and other fungicides were sprayed to control diseases and insect pests. After that, we should pay attention to the control of peach heart borer and leaf moth, spraying peach Xiaoling, thiazuron 3 or boll urea respectively. After falling leaves, it is necessary to thoroughly remove dead branches, diseased branches and fallen leaves, and concentrate on burying or burning them.