High-yield cultivation techniques of Zanthoxylum bungeanum

Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a deciduous shrub of Rutaceae, its pericarp, roots and seeds can be used medicinally, but also a commonly used condiment, and prickly ash leaves can also be eaten. Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a drought-tolerant, shallow-rooted plant with strong adaptability. In recent years, with the adjustment of agricultural industrialization structure, the development of Zanthoxylum bungeanum production is combined with returning farmland to forest, greening barren mountains and developing rural economy, which makes the cultivation area of Zanthoxylum bungeanum develop rapidly in dry and hilly areas. However, if the cultivation management is extensive, it will affect its yield and quality. Therefore, the following key links should be grasped in the cultivation and management of Zanthoxylum bungeanum.

1 seed collection

The middle-aged trees with strong potential, no diseases and insect pests, high yield and no interannual fruit were selected as the mother tree, which were picked by scissors from August to September when the fruit was fully ripe. The seeds harvested should be naturally dried in a ventilated and dry place and should not be exposed to the sun so as not to affect the germination rate. After the pericarp is cracked and the grain comes out by itself, it is collected.

2 raising seedlings

The seed coat of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is hard and rich in oil, which is not conducive to water absorption and germination, so it is necessary to accelerate germination before sowing. Generally soak in 1% laundry detergent for 2 days, or soak in concentrated sulfuric acid for a while, remove it and scrub it with clean water before sowing. The best breeding nursery is sandy soil or loam with good drainage and leeward direction. Pepper seeds small, not deep sowing, general 2~3cm can. After sowing, it was covered with mature organic fertilizer and watered once every two days to preserve soil moisture, prevent hardening and improve the rate of seedling emergence.

3 colonization

It can be planted in both spring and autumn. The pit needs to be dug and planted, and the size of the pit is suitable for the expansion of the root system. The soil entering the pit had better be ripened by the wind and sun, and then mixed with fertilizer to fill the pit.

4Fertilizer and water management

Zanthoxylum bungeanum has developed root system and strong ability to conserve soil and water, so measures should be taken to preserve soil moisture in arid areas, supplemented with necessary base fertilizer and a small amount of foliar fertilizer to meet the fertilizer and water needs of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Generally, after autumn and spring ploughing, organic manure such as circle compost and compost are applied once respectively. The amount of fertilizer application depends on the age of the tree and the amount of seed setting, and the general plant is more than 20kg. Extra-root topdressing starts from the flowering stage, about once a month, and sprayed in the morning or evening for a total of 2 or 3 times.

5 shaping and pruning

Zanthoxylum bungeanum trees like light and branch quickly. Therefore, reasonable shaping and pruning can make the tree skeleton firm, branches strong, high yield and stable yield year after year. Pruning is best done at the end of autumn. During pruning, the excess branches at the base can be removed, leaving 3 or 5 main branches, and the shaping can be completed after 4 ~ 5 years. Finally, remove the central branch and cut it open. Middle-aged trees should be carefully pruned to remove disease and insect branches, cross branches and long branches in the crown, so that the canopy can be ventilated and transparent to stabilize the tree potential. The old trees of about 25 years should remove big branches, weak branches and diseased branches when pruning, and use overgrown branches to update the tree skeleton alternately to ensure a certain yield.

(6) Disease and pest control

6.1 Brown spot mainly harms the leaves of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. At the beginning of the disease, yellowish chlorotic spots appear on the leaf surface, and then gradually expand into irregular brown spots, the edge of the spot is darker, and small black spots can be seen above. When the disease is serious, it can lead to withered, yellow and shedding leaves. The disease can be prevented and treated by spraying Bordeaux solution and carbendazim at the initial stage of the disease.

6.2 dry rot harms branches and branches of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. At the beginning of the disease, the disease showed small reddish-brown patches, and then the disease expanded up and down, sunken and glue, which could cause a large area of bark rot, leaves withered and yellow, branches withered. Strengthening fertilizer and water management and reasonable pruning to enhance the tree potential can reduce the occurrence of the disease. After the disease, use a sterilization knife to cut the bark to the xylem, smear Bordeaux solution or methyl topiramate can effectively prevent the spread of the disease spot.

6.3 aphids often eat sap on shoots and leaves, affecting photosynthesis. Make the leaves yellow and curly, and in serious cases, it can cause pepper to fall leaves ahead of time. It can be sprayed with phoxim, fenvalerate and so on.

6.4 Zanthoxylum bungeanum Phoenix butterfly uses larvae to feed on buds, leaves and other young parts, and when serious, it can eat up the leaves of the whole plant. Artificial removal of overwintering pupae in winter and spring can reduce the population density in the coming year. When harm occurs, trichlorfon and dichlorvos can be sprayed to control.

6.5 longicorn beetles overwintered with larvae in the trunk. In the following spring, the xylem under the bark was damaged, and a large amount of reddish-brown feces and debris were discharged out of the wormhole, resulting in hollow trunk, easy wind break, rot, and even death of the whole plant. The adults of longicorn beetles have the habit of resting in the branches at noon, which can be killed by shock, killing larvae with wire hooks, or stuffing aluminum phosphide (0.6g tablet 1 / 8 / 1 / 4) into the wormhole and sealing with slime, and can also be controlled by dichlorvos and trichlorfon spray.

7 prevent frost damage

The root distribution of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is shallow, it is vulnerable to freezing injury in winter, and it is easy to be affected by "late spring cold" in early spring. The following measures can be taken to protect ① overwintering with plastic film and other mulch protection, or the quicklime, sulfur, salt and water to 10 ∶ 1 ∶ 4 ∶ 40 ratio mixed, smear tree trunks; ② in the spring cold comes, spraying fruit tree antifreeze; also in the spring cold comes that night, in the pepper garden stacked withered grass, wheat bran, etc., lit smoke to form a smoke screen to improve the pepper garden microclimate to prevent flower bud frost injury.