A Brief Introduction to High-yielding Cultivation Techniques of Pepper Tianying 8

Tianying pepper is a variety of fresh food and processing introduced from Japanese Chaotian pepper by foreign trade in Tianjin and cultivated and domesticated for many years. Because of its high dry matter content and strong spicy taste, it is mainly used in dry pepper production. At the end of last century, in the 1980s and 1990s, dried peppers were mainly exported to Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asian countries, and few of them were sold domestically to provinces that like to eat chili peppers. Due to the fluctuation of export volume from year to year, the market price is also unstable, which has seriously affected the cultivation of Tianying pepper. Since the beginning of this century, the consumption demand of domestic provinces and regions has gradually increased, domestic sales have exceeded export sales, the planting area has increased steadily, and the varieties planted have also increased from 3 cm in length to more than 5 cm in length, and the plant height has changed from the original dwarf seedling type to the high seedling type. the corresponding dry pepper output has developed from 400 jin per 667 square meters to about 800 jin at present, and the planting benefit is very considerable. Hot pepper from tropical Central and South America, which belongs to Solanaceae and is a temperature-loving vegetable. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 25-30 degrees, and the suitable temperature range for seedling growth is 20-28 degrees, 25-30 degrees during the day and 15-18 degrees at night. Good light conditions were needed during seedling growth, with a light saturation point of 30000 lux and a light compensation point of 1500 lux. Pepper likes to fertilize the substrate which is loose, breathable and pH neutral.

Tianying No. 8 pepper is a high-yielding variety based on the combination of foreign trade export requirements and domestic market demand, with strong growth momentum and compact plant type, with clusters of flowers at the top of the main and lateral branches, and the time for flowering and fruiting is relatively concentrated; pepper fruit grows upward, the pepper is about 5 cm long, the stalk is short, the mature fruit is dark red, the fruit surface is bright, the fruit is deformed, the flesh is thick, and the spicy taste is very strong. The ability of drought, waterlogging and virus resistance is obviously better than that of the control, and it has been planted in Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Beijing and Tianjin and other main producing areas for many years. In the early stage, the yield of dried pepper is about 700800 jin, and there is a record of 1000 jin per mu under the condition of high water and fertilizer.

First, sowing and raising seedlings. The seedling is prepared to select fertile soil rich in organic matter as the nutrient base soil of the seedling bed, adding 25 kg of rotten chicken manure, 1 kg of urea, 1 kg of potassium sulfate, 0.5 kg of diammonium phosphate and 100 g of 50% carbendazim powder per cubic meter. after being sifted with the seedbed base soil, the nutrient soil is placed in the seedling bed, and the nutrient soil is loaded into the seedling tray for use. two。 Seed treatment: soak the seeds in warm water of 30-40 degrees for 4 hours, then disinfect them with 5/1000 potassium permanganate solution for half an hour, remove the seeds, rinse them with clean water, and air-dry the seeds to be sown. 3. Sowing seeds in the first and middle of March, arrange the seedbed area according to the nursery bed area of 10 square meters per mu (667 square meters), about 15 grams of seeds per square meter (150 grams per mu of production field). Before sowing, the field is made into a seedling border with a width of 1 to 1.5 meters (the width of the border can be seen in specific plots to facilitate the flexible control of seedling division, weeding, etc.) and unlimited length, and the mulch soil is randomly removed and screened (less than 5 cm below the surface, more than 25 cm of fluvo-aquic soil), leveling the border surface horizontally, watering enough water, and sowing the treated seeds according to the required sowing density when there is no clear water. Then cover the sifted cover soil about 1 cm thick (the thickness of the soil cover can be halved in night tidal land or areas with small surface evaporation), and 15 grams of poison bait per square meter of border surface to control underground pests. Poison bait is 10 grams of trichlorfon crystal 300 grams of water, sprayed on 500 grams of fried wheat bran or bean cake (fry with a little lard to increase flavor). After the completion of the above, cover the film to moisturize and increase the temperature, and before emergence, the temperature in the border should be changed slightly as needed. If the seedlings are raised in the seedling tray, the seedling tray can be placed directly in the greenhouse or small arch shed after sowing. Spring field direct seeding can begin around the middle of April (3-5 days before the final frost period), ditch according to row spacing of 50 cm, plant spacing of 20 cm to 25 cm, 2 seeds per hole (2 seedlings per hole depending on fertility) and seed use of about 1500 grams per mu. 4. Managing the reproductive growth tissue differentiation of Tianying 8 at the seedling stage has already begun at the seedling stage, and it is very important to give pepper seedlings suitable conditions for growth and development at this stage, especially the seedling transplanting method, which is relatively easy to control artificially. The temperature in the border before emergence should be 25-30 degrees during the day and 15-18 degrees at night; after emergence, the temperature in the greenhouse should be properly ventilated, and the temperature should be kept at about 20 degrees in the day and not less than 10 degrees at night, and 700 times of thyroid care should be used to prevent the disease. The seedlings were carried out for the first time when the cotyledons were spreading, and the seedlings were carried out for the second time when the cotyledons were spreading. 666million seedlings per square meter were required, and weeds were removed at the same time. At the end of April and the beginning of May, the seedlings were gradually released to promote strong seedlings, and the film was uncovered 7 days before transplanting to increase the intensity of seedling training. In the direct seeding field, the seedlings should be divided into different periods after emergence, and the inter-seedling period should not be too late, so as to avoid mutual influence on seedling growth, pull out weak seedlings and retain seedlings with strong growth potential.

Second, it is best to select land for continuous cropping of Tianying No. 8, and the appropriate stubble should be selected, and the previous crop should be field crops or spring onion, garlic and legume vegetable crops. Do not stubble with millet, sweet potato, peanut, pepper, tomato, eggplant, potato and so on. Generally, the rotation period is 2-3 years, and intercropping with western (sweet) melon is also possible. The transplanting field should apply sufficient base fertilizer, and high soil fertility is the guarantee of high yield. In general, 5000 kg of rotten mature soil fertilizer, 500kg of cottonseed cake fertilizer, 50kg of superphosphate, 10kg of potassium sulfate and 15kg of urea or diammonium phosphate were properly applied under the ridge when making border. Or directly apply 17-17-17 compound fertilizer 40 kg per mu. Make large beds with a width of 2m to 4m and unlimited length according to the topography 3-5 days before transplanting to facilitate irrigation or drainage. High ridge cultivation should be adopted, and ridge height 15~20cm is required.

Third, timely transplanting when the average daily temperature in the middle and last ten days of May is about 19 degrees, and the ground temperature of 5 cm is above 17 degrees, which is suitable for the growth of pepper roots and stems and leaves. At this time, the seedling age of Tianying No. 8 pepper seedling is 70 ~ 80 days, the plant height is about 18 cm, the stem diameter is about 2.5 ~ 3.0 mm, the leaf area is 100 square cm, and it has 8 true leaves and some plants show small buds. The seedling bed was watered 1-3 days before transplanting, and transplant in windless and cloudy day or in the afternoon. The planting density should be determined according to the level of fertility, about 5000 holes should be planted in high fertilizer and water plots, and 2 plants in each hole should be planted in high fertilizer and water plots, and about 6500 holes should be planted in low fertilizer and water plots, with row spacing of 50 cm to 55 cm and hole spacing depending on density. After planting, 2.5 kilograms of poison bait was sprinkled every 667 square meters to control underground pests.

Previous page [1] [2] next page