High-yielding cultivation techniques of Line Pepper Hongan 6 and Mexican Iron Pepper

First, Line Pepper Hongan No. 6

1. Fertility characteristics

This variety is dwarf seedling self-capping, plant height about 60 cm, plant width 20 cm 30 cm, strong lateral branch meristematic ability, the first flower bearing node position 12-13 nodes, fruit-setting concentration, strong fruit-setting ability, multi-clustered fruit, fruit length 15-17 cm, fruit diameter about 1.4 cm, fruit set 30-40 per plant, green and straight surface fruit, dark red ripe fruit, easy sun-drying, high fruit yield.

The variety matured early and the growth period was about 140days, which was 15-20 days earlier than the red ripening period of line pepper 8819 and 2001. The variety has strong adaptability and shows strong anti-virus and anti-blight ability in production. In the early stage, the seedling potential was weak, and after entering the flowering and fruit setting stage, it grew rapidly, concentrated fruit setting, fast fruit expansion and strong stress resistance. 667 square meters produced more than 350-450 kg of dried pepper.

two。 Cultivation techniques

① soil selection and sowing requires the selection of soil with flat soil, deep soil layer and good permeability to avoid beet and Solanaceae stubble. The quality of land treatment reaches the six-character standard of evenness, flatness, looseness, crushing, net and soil moisture. There is no residual branch and film debris in the field, and the soil moisture is suitable for soil preparation. The soil temperature of 5 cm under the plastic film can be sown at 15 ℃. Artificial sowing requires that the depth of the hole is 22.5 cm, the diameter of the hole is 4 cm, the seed under each hole is 8 cm, and the thickness of soil cover is 1.5 cm. The double operation of mechanical trenching, film laying and hole sowing is adopted, and the planting is required to be uniform, with a hole rate of less than 2% 667 square meters and a seeding capacity of 650 million 700 grams. It is suitable for early sowing, and the sowing date shall not exceed April 5 at the latest. Seed fertilizer combined with ditching 667 square meters to apply 10 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 7 kg of diammonium phosphate, 2 kg of potassium sulfate and 1.5 kg of zinc sulfate, mixed and applied at a depth of 5 cm to 7 cm from the seed belt, with a depth of 8 cm.

② field management of pepper seedlings in time to check, replant and transfer seedlings to ensure that the seedlings are full in the field. The seedlings were thinned in time when there were two true leaves, 4 seedlings were left in each hole, and the seedlings were fixed with 4 true leaves, and the membrane pores were enlarged at the same time. The roots of the seedlings were cultivated and the chemical control was carried out before fixing the seedlings. The method of keeping seedlings was 1: 2 or 2: 1. Plant row spacing configuration: furrow center distance 110 cm, plant spacing 9 cm, 667 square meters theoretical plant number about 20,000. According to the land conditions, ploughing should be carried out in time after sowing, not less than 3 times during the whole period, with a depth of more than 28 cm, to achieve early ploughing, deep ploughing and diligent ploughing. The film opening work was carried out between the flowering of the second water and the third water plants. Irrigation before film removal and drug control were carried out to prevent diseases caused by artificial damage to branches and leaves or loss of moisture after film removal. You can choose 70% mancozeb 700 times solution to add potassium dihydrogen phosphate or highly active compound micro-fertilizer to spray, water in time after removing the film, and spray with 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc 500 times solution plus micro-fertilizer to prevent premature senescence of plants. at the same time, the roots of the plant are re-cultivated to promote roots and strong roots.

③ fertilizer and water management determines the amount of fertilizer applied in the whole period according to the key yield of strip field, that is, 100 kg of dried pepper is 17 kg of natural fertilizer, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1 ∶ 0.8 ~ 0.9 ∶ 0.5. Ridge planting chili pepper combined with winter ploughing 667 square meters based on urea 15 kg, three materials 10 kg. Planting fertilizer combined with ditching 667 square meters applied 10 kg of three materials, 3 kg of potassium sulfate, 1.5 kg of zinc sulfate, 11.1 kg of urea and 6.1 kg of potassium sulfate as topdressing fertilizer. 667 square meters of urea, 2 kg of diammonium and 7 kg of potassium sulfate were topdressing in the third tillage. When the diameter of pepper fruit is 1 cm, 667 square meters are topdressing 5.1 kg of urea and 4 kg of potassium sulfate. In the field of drip irrigation, pepper combined with autumn base fertilizer is applied 15kg of urea and 10kg of three materials, the remaining urea is applied as topdressing with water, three materials and potassium sulfate are used as seed fertilizer and middle tillage, and extra-root topdressing can be carried out at the same time. Hot pepper king, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and high-efficiency active compound micro-fertilizer can be used alternately, once every 10 to 15 days, when entering the flowering period, we can choose flower and fruit protection regulator to spray, reasonable dispensing. Spraying time should be carried out in the afternoon to avoid high temperature. Irrigation management should be determined according to soil moisture, the first water is in mid-May, the second water is in early June, the third water is before flowering in late June, the fourth water is in the fruit expansion period in early July, the fifth water is in early August, and the sixth water is in mid-late August. Small water immersion irrigation, flood irrigation is strictly prohibited, the general irrigation ditch depth of 80% is appropriate, in the middle and later stage of irrigation to keep the field moist, avoid dry and wet.

In the whole period of drip irrigation strip field, dripping time should be determined according to plant growth, climate and soil conditions, and soil moisture and plant roots should be investigated to determine dripping time and irrigation amount. The whole period was dripped 12 times and 14 times, and the interval was about 10 days.

④ pest control first carry on the seed treatment, generally soak the seeds with 0.1% potassium permanganate or 10% sodium phosphate solution for 15 minutes for 20 minutes, then rinse clean with clean water for sowing. Hongan No. 6 has strong resistance to diseases and insect pests, and if the land is hardened at the seedling stage, it is easy to occur blight at low temperature, which can be alleviated by ploughing frequently or early and middle ploughing, or sprayed with 1000 times of potassium permanganate or 1% superphosphate leaching solution to improve resistance. The insect pests are mainly aphids, ground tigers and tobacco green insects, which can be controlled by 1000-2000 times solution of aphids and pyrethroids, or by planting corn trapping belt, yellow board trapping and other measures.

⑤ harvested in late September will cut down the line pepper stalks, drying and ripening for about 7 days, manual picking. The picked fruits and peppers are transported to the drying ground and bagged in stages.

2. Jalapeno

1. Fertility characteristics

It is a medium-ripe variety with strong plant growth, strong fruiting ability, long sheep horn shape, smooth fruit surface, thick skin, dark red pericarp, fruit length 15-20 cm, fruit diameter 5-6 cm, dry pepper weight 8-9 grams, single commercial fruit 10-12, 667 square meters yield 350-450 kg.

two。 Cultivation techniques

① soil selection of iron pepper has strong growth, large growth and high economic benefits, and the requirement for land is relatively high. Flat and fertile loam and sandy soil with low salt content should be selected. Wheat and seed melon should be used in the previous crop, and Solanaceae crops should be avoided in the previous stubble. There is a better protective forest around the strip field. With the full-layer fertilization combined with the winter ploughing last year, the quality of land treatment reached the six-character standards of uniformity, flatness, loosening, crushing, net and soil moisture, with straight edges and no debris such as residual branches and plastic film in the field.

② planting method adopts ridging planting, the distance between the center of the furrow is 1.2m, the distance between plants is 24cm. Local surface freezing 20cm to 25cm timely trench, film laying. Sowing in time when the ground temperature is 5 cm and 15 ℃, the sowing depth is 1.5 cm and 2 cm, and the sowing depth is uniform, with 6 seeds per hole, and the sowing capacity is 200 square meters and 250 grams. The theoretical number of 4600 seedlings per plant was 667m2.

After the emergence of pepper seedlings in ③ field management, early ploughing, deep ploughing and diligent ploughing should be timely. Two true leaves were thinned in time, 4 seedlings in each hole and 4 true leaves in each hole. The seedlings were fixed and the roots of the seedlings were cultivated at the same time. During the whole growth period, 75-80kg fertilizer was applied, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 1 ∶ 0.9 ∶ 0.5. generally, less fertilizer was needed in the seedling stage, so the seedlings should be squatted properly.

Less nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in the peak flowering period, so as not to cause overgrowth and falling flowers. When the pepper plant enters the stage of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, fertilizer should be applied in time, and foliar micro-fertilizer or flower and fruit protection regulator should be sprayed according to the plant growth. Iron pepper has higher requirements for irrigation, should be immersed in small water, a small number of times, avoid high temperature weather irrigation, avoid flooding plant roots and stems, prevent stagnant water, in the middle and later stage of irrigation to keep the field moist, avoid dry and wet, leading to navel rot. Foliar micro-fertilizer is mainly potassium dihydrogen phosphate to reduce the use of urea and properly adjust the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus. In the later stage of fruit ripening, irrigation should be controlled to promote fruit ripening, avoid greedy plants and reduce the yield of red ripe fruits. Cultivate soil on the rhizome before sealing ridges to prevent lodging. Drip irrigation and fertilization should master the principles of less before (seedling stage to flowering stage), medium and high (fruit stage) and afterfilling (mature stage), so as to shape the ideal high yield skeleton.

The measure of ④ chemical adjustment requires mastering the principles of early, diligent and light. In the first ten days of June, when the plant has 6 leaves, the plant height is 18 cm 20 cm, and the first pass adjustment is carried out with 50 g azithromycin and 2 g trimethoprim. The second adjustment was carried out when the bud of door pepper was not in bloom, around June 20-25, 100: 130g, 5: 8g, the interval between the time and the first time was 10: 15 days; the third tune was in the first ten days of July, which was mainly aimed at the node position of Mantianxing. 100g 150g, 5g, 8g. 10-15 days before harvest, iron pepper was sprayed with 200-1000 ml / L ethephon to promote green fruit to turn red and harvest early.

⑤ pest control the main diseases and insect pests of iron pepper include virus disease, navel rot, sunburn, aphids, small land tiger and so on.

Virus disease: soak the seeds with 10% trisodium phosphate or potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes, then wash them with clean water and sow the seeds. Spraying potassium permanganate 1000 times solution or 1% superphosphate leaching solution at seedling stage to improve resistance. Man-made transmission of poison should be prevented in agricultural operations. In the early stage of the disease, we should do a good job in the early prevention of aphids to prevent aphids from spreading the virus. Aphid control agent 50% aldicarb 2500 times solution, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 5000 times solution, 2.5% dichlorvos 3000 times solution. The yellow board trapping and killing by using the yellowing habit of aphids can have the effect of killing aphids and preventing diseases.

Epidemic disease: select varieties with high quality, high yield and antibiotic disease. First soak the seeds with clean water for 10 hours, then soak the seeds with 1% copper sulfate solution for 5 minutes. The seeds can also be soaked in 1000-fold solution of 20% methyl rifampicin EC for 12 hours, picked up and washed before sowing. Implement crop rotation, do not continuous cropping with melons, eggplant fruits and vegetables in diseased fields. Can choose 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc 700 times liquid, 64% poison alum wettable powder 500 times liquid, 72.2% Pulic water agent 600 times liquid alternately, the key control center strain.

Umbilical rot: prevent drought, timely irrigation, maintain a certain degree of soil moisture. Calcium supplements were sprayed on the leaves from seedling stage to fruiting stage. Choose gold calcium 500 times 800 times solution, calcium Bock 1000 times solution 1200 times, 0.2% calcium chloride solution 0.3% calcium chloride solution, 1% superphosphate solution, spray once every 10 days, even spray 3 times 4 times.

Sunburn: prevent leaves from falling caused by diseases and insect pests in the field, reduce exposure to green fruits, water in time, preserve moisture, and prevent leaves from withering.

Small land tiger: choose 2.5% trichlorfon powder, 667 square meters with 1.52kg powder and 10kg fine soil to make poisonous soil, mix well and sprinkle around the plant. At seedling stage, 3000 times of dichlorvos or 3000 times of trichlorfon crystal can be selected, and 1000 times of dichlorvos or 48% Lesben can be used to irrigate roots.

⑥ picking and drying one-time picking when the fruit is fully red and the red fruit rate is more than 90%. When picking, the plant is cut down and evenly placed on the border surface for manual picking for about 7 days to avoid squeezing the pepper fruit and destroying the wax layer. it is strictly forbidden to load and unload or turn it with a sharp device, and the stall should not be too thick and turn frequently. After drying and drying up to the standard, cover and return to moisture and pack bags by stages.