High-quality and High-yield cultivation techniques of Yinqie No.1 in Alpine area

Yinqie No. 1 is a new eggplant variety bred by the introduction and Development Center of New Agricultural varieties in Zhejiang Province. Our county has successfully introduced and planted in alpine areas since 2001, and the planting area has been expanded year by year. In 2004, the planting area of Yinqie No. 1 in the county was 120ha, the average yield per mu was 3721.2kg, the output value was 4093.3 yuan, the highest yield per mu reached 4855.5kg, the output value was 5341.0 yuan, and achieved better economic benefits. In this paper, the high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques of Yinji No. 1 are summarized as follows:

1 to cultivate strong seedlings

1.1 the seeds are generally soaked in hot water. Before soaking the seeds, soak the seeds in water at room temperature for 15 minutes, and then blanch the seeds in hot water of 50 ℃ for 15 minutes. After putting the seeds, keep stirring, so that the seeds are heated evenly, after the water temperature drops to the normal temperature, you can stop stirring, and then soak for another 4 hours.

1.2 timely sparse sowing and sowing in the first ten days of April, the seed is 25g per mu, and the seedbed is 2025 square meters. The nursery land chooses the field which takes shelter from the wind and the sun, the geothermal is highly dry, the drainage is good, and has not planted vegetable crops of the same family in 3 years. The width of the border is 1 × 1.2m, and the seedbed is flattened before sowing, combined with soil disinfection (800 / 1000 times of 20% methyl kuling EC), poured with bottom water, slightly dried before sowing. After sowing, gently press the seeds with wood to make the seeds come into contact with the soil, then cover with sterilized nutrient soil (to see no seeds), sprinkle seed water, cover dry straw thinly, and then cover with plastic film and small arch cover film to keep warm and wet.

1.3 strengthen seedling management to remove straw and plastic film when there are about 40% of the seeds in the broken soil layer. During the germination period, the bed temperature was kept at 25: 30 ℃, and the film was not uncovered. After the cotyledons were unfolded, the cotyledons should be ventilated and cooled in time. The bed temperature should be kept at 15: 20 ℃ during the day and 12: 16 ℃ at night. (2) densification, thinning and weakening seedlings were carried out at the leaf stage. The bed temperature was maintained at 18: 25 ℃ at seedling stage and 15: 18 ℃ at night. During the seedling growth period, the film should be uncovered and covered in time to adjust the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse according to the seedling growth and weather conditions. It is necessary to properly control watering and reduce the number of watering, so that the topsoil is not watered, and if it is to be watered, it should be watered thoroughly. Look at the seedling fertilization, 10% rotten human feces and urine or 0.3% 0.5% compound fertilizer aqueous solution can be used when fertilizer deficiency, and external topdressing can be sprayed with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution or amino acid compound fertilizer 1000-1200 times solution, or 481 (brassine) 8000 times solution. The main diseases in the seedling stage are quenching disease and blight disease. As soon as the diseased plant is found, it should be removed immediately, and sprayed with 64% disinfectant alum 500 times wettable powder. In addition, proper ventilation should be paid to the seedbed to prevent it from getting too wet. The main pests are aphids and underground pests, so it is necessary to prevent and cure them early.

(2) increase the application of organic fertilizer

The base fertilizer was applied half a month before planting. Because Yinqian No. 1 has high yield per plant and needs a large amount of fertilizer, it is necessary to apply more organic fertilizer and sufficient base fertilizer, applying rotten organic fertilizer 2500~3000kg, organic mixed fertilizer 150~200kg, ternary compound fertilizer 30~40kg, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 40~50kg per mu, all fertilizers are ditched in the border, and generally require that the depth of fertilizer application is 25~30cm.

(3) timely transplanting and reasonable close planting

Eggplant No. 1 was transplanted in the middle of May, the seedling age was about 35 days, and when the eggplant seedlings had 6 or 7 true leaves, sunny and warm weather was selected. The width of the border (continuous ditch) is 1.3m to 1.4m, the distance between plants is 0.45~0.5cm, and about 2100 plants are planted per mu.

(4) strengthen field management.

4.1 pruning and leafing when the door eggplant begins to blossom, all the side branches below the door eggplant are removed, and the side branches above the door eggplant are not pruned, and set up in time, such as pruning too early, it is not conducive to rooting, too late will cause overgrowth and is not conducive to the development of the whole plant. Beating leaves in time, if there are too many leaves, it will affect ventilation and light, reduce fruit setting rate, cause fruit bending, thus reduce commerciality, too few leaves, not conducive to photosynthesis, reduce yield. The principle of removing the leaves is to remove the old and diseased leaves of the eggplant to be harvested. The degree of picking leaves depends on the weather and growth. In cloudy and rainy weather, you can pick more plants when they are growing vigorously, otherwise pick less, and bury or burn the diseased, old and yellow leaves in time.

4.2 Fertilizer and water management topdressing is generally required for every 2 to 3 batches of fertilizer harvested. Hole application was adopted, and ternary compound fertilizer 15~20kg and urea 5 kg were applied per mu. The root system of Yinqian No. 1 needs a lot of water, so it should be watered or irrigated with shallow ditch water in time in case of drought.

4.3 Diseases and insect pests control mainly include cotton blight, brown streak and other diseases, which should be mainly controlled and treated comprehensively. The medicament can be sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times 800 times liquid, 64% disinfectant alum wettable powder 300 times 400 times liquid, 50% Mepaian wettable powder 600 times liquid and so on. The main pests are aphids, red spiders, tea yellow mites, thrips, Spodoptera litura and other pests. Aphids can choose 1500 times of pyrimethamine wet powder or 0.36% matrine water spray, red spiders and tea yellow mites can choose 1% insecticidal 2000 times or 73% carotene 2000 times, or 1.8% mites clear EC 1500 times 2000 times. Thrips can use 20% good year winter 2000 times solution spray Spodoptera litura and other Spodoptera litura can be sprayed with 1000 times of 20% acetylurea suspension, 1000 times of Yitaibao EC, or 1000 times of BT powder, spray up and down, front and back, spray once every 5 to 7 days, 2 times in a row, and use pesticides alternately.

5 timely harvest

The harvest of eggplant No. 1 should grasp the principle of "better early than late, rather tender than old". Generally, when the white annular band (eggplant eyes) where the eggplant sepals are connected to the fruit begins to be not obvious, it means that the fruit grows slowly and should be harvested in time and listed in graded packaging.