High-quality and High-yield cultivation techniques of "Fuyu No.1" Dajiang

"Fuyu No.1" Dajiang is a new ginger variety successfully cultivated by Laiwu Agricultural Science Institute in recent years. It is derived from Laiwu turmeric and is a combination of conventional mutation breeding and biotechnology. It is treated with CO60 radiation source to induce its variation, and then tissue culture and rapid propagation technology is used to accelerate its breeding. The target plant was selected from the radiation-treated Laiwu ginger planting field for planting and re-selection. After 5 years of continuous screening experiment, a new ginger variety with excellent and stable characters was successfully selected, which was named "Fuyu No.1" ginger.

Compared with Laiwu turmeric, this variety has the following main advantages:

The main results are as follows: 1. High yield per unit area and large increase range. The yield per mu is as high as 4252.1kg (fresh ginger 5002.5kg), which is 18.7% higher than that of Laiwu turmeric under the same conditions.

2. The commodity character is good and the market competitiveness is strong. The pieces of ginger are large and mainly single, with fat nipples, less shredded ginger, fine and crisp meat and moderate spicy taste. On the other hand, Laiwu ginger has more complex tablets, small nipples and more shredded ginger.

3. Ginger seedlings are few and strong. Under the same cultivation conditions, there are only 10-15 branches of aboveground stems, while there are generally 15-20 branches of Laiwu turmeric. The aboveground stem is stronger than Laiwu ginger.

4. the leaves are developed, dark in color and strong in resistance. The leaves of this variety are flat and open, and the leaves are dark green. The upper leaves are concentrated and the effective photosynthetic area is large. The cold resistance was strong. After entering October, the upper leaves of Laiwu ginger obviously turned yellow, but the variety remained green.

5. Ginger roots are few and strong. Under the same cultivation conditions, the number of underground fleshy roots was less than that of Laiwu turmeric, but the roots were stout.

This variety has a good development prospect, large pieces of ginger, few nipples and fat nipples, mainly single piece, good commodity, adapts to the needs of the international market, and is of great value to the development of foreign trade. In addition, the variety has strong cold tolerance, early planting and delayed harvest, which is conducive to the increase of yield, the accumulation of nutrients and the improvement of quality. The popularization and application of this variety plays an important role in increasing output, enhancing commodity market competitiveness, expanding exports, increasing the output value per unit area of land, and increasing farmers' income, and has a bright prospect of popularization and application. The cultivation techniques are as follows:

1. Soil preparation and fertilization

Choose loose and fertile soil, that is, choose sandy loam or middle loam with rich organic matter, soft ventilation and good drainage and irrigation, and the soil pH should be neutral or slightly acidic (PH5-7).

The growth period of ginger is long, which requires that the soil has good water and fertilizer conservation. Usually after the harvest of the previous crop, autumn ploughing is carried out and 25~30cm is deeply ploughed. After the soil is thawed in the second year, the soil is raked 1 and 2 times, the ground is fine and leveled, and ditches are opened to make ridges before sowing. Generally according to the east-west direction of trenching, ditch distance 60cm, ditch width about 25cm, ditch depth 10~12cm.

To carry out centralized fertilization, the specific method is to open a small fertilizer application ditch along the southern half of the ginger ditch with narrow barnyard manure 6000kg, plant ash 100kg and calcium superphosphate 25kg, so that the dung and soil can be fully mixed evenly, and then the ginger ditch can be leveled for sowing.

Second, cultivate strong buds

The methods of cultivating strong buds can be divided into three steps: drying ginger and trapped ginger, seed selection and budding.

1. Before and after drying the ginger and trapped ginger, take out the ginger seeds from the well cellar, wash the soil off the ginger pieces with clean water and dry them for 1 or 2 days. The function of drying seeds is: on the one hand, to increase the temperature of ginger pieces to promote rapid germination; on the other hand, it is to reduce the moisture in ginger pieces and prevent ginger pieces from rotting. After drying, the ginger is stacked indoors for 3 to 4 days, and the ginger is covered with a grass curtain to promote nutrient decomposition, which is called trapped ginger. After drying ginger and trapped ginger for 2 or 3 times, you can begin to sprout.

2. Seed selection and treatment, choose a large piece of ginger without disease and damage as a kind of ginger, each weighing about 100g, with 1 to 2 strong buds, soaking the mouth with 40% formalin 100 times solution for 6 hours, then take it out and dip it in the wound with plant ash to prevent ginger blast. Where the flesh discoloration, waterlogged, easy to peel off the skin of ginger has been infected, can not be used as ginger.

3. Sprouting is accelerated by using plastic sunny beds, and a layer of 10cm thick wheat straw is spread at the bottom and around the bed to keep dark, loose and breathable, and keep warm. The bed is covered with plastic film during the day and covered with grass at night. The germination temperature was controlled at 21: 25 ℃. When the ginger bud grows into 0.5~2cm, the thick 0.5~1cm stops sprouting and sows.

Third, sow seeds at the right time

Ginger likes warmth and is not tolerant to drought and frost. It must be cultivated in the warm and frost-free season. It is generally sown in spring and can be sown when the soil temperature of 10cm is above 15 ℃. Generally sowing in early May, before sowing, break the budding turmeric into small pieces weighing about 100g, and choose fat and plump pieces of ginger with strong buds as seeds. Before sowing, the seed ginger can be discharged after the bottom water is seeped. The flat sowing method is adopted, that is, the seed block is placed horizontally in the ditch according to row spacing 60cm and plant spacing 20cm, so that the ginger bud faces south or southeast, and then the seed block is pressed in the soil to make the ginger bud level with the soil surface. With planting, wet fine soil is used to cover ginger buds and seed blocks, about 500kg of ginger seed is used per mu, and about 5500 plants are planted per 667m2.

4. Shading

Previous page [1] [2] next page