Cotton field intercropping melon (pepper) has high comprehensive benefit
Xinchang Town, Shishou City, Hubei Province, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, is a major cotton producing area, planting 23250 mu of cotton all the year round. In recent years, the town has actively optimized the planting structure, explored and applied the cotton field with muskmelon (or pepper) model, realized the cotton field more than one year and more harvest in one place, improved the overall benefit of the cotton field, and blazed a successful road of planting structure adjustment.
In the past, the town simply planted cotton, generally producing 87 kilograms of lint per mu, with an output value of 940 yuan. According to the investigation in 2002, the town adopted the cotton melon (pepper) model, and the output value per mu was 3153 yuan and 3126 yuan respectively, which was 2213 yuan and 2186 yuan higher than that of single cotton planting per mu. Among them, the yield of melon or pepper per mu was 2.25t or 4t, with an output value of 2026 yuan and 2000 yuan respectively, and 104kg of lint with an output value of 1126 yuan. Generally, the input of cotton melon per mu is 680 yuan, the input of cotton pepper is 620 yuan, and the input of single cotton planting is 240 yuan. The input-output ratio of cotton melon (pepper) is 4.64, 5.04 and 3.92 respectively. The input-output of cotton melon (pepper) is 18.4% and 28.6% higher than that of single cotton planting.
The anti-risk ability of cotton planting can be improved by using cotton melon (pepper) mode. Cotton has a long growth period, natural disasters and market risks are relatively greater than other crops. However, after the implementation of cotton melon (pepper), due to the change from one crop to two crops, one more season of melons or peppers has been harvested, and the risk of planting cotton is much less than that of planting cotton alone. The implementation of cotton melon (pepper) planting, due to the use of plastic film mulching and the application of a large amount of organic fertilizer, can effectively increase the ground temperature, promote the early growth and rapid development of cotton, and enhance the ability of cotton to resist low temperature and rain in the early stage, high temperature and drought in the middle stage and premature senility in the later stage. For example, the spring sowing of cotton in 2003 encountered long-term low temperature, overcast and rain, which seriously affected the growth and development of other transplanting cotton, but had little effect on the cultivation of cotton melon (pepper). According to the investigation on June 15, 2003, the cotton plant height, the number of leaves on the main stem, the number of fruit branch layers per plant and the number of buds per plant increased by 8.2 cm, 2.8 leaves, 2.78 layers and 2.78 respectively compared with the single planting cotton field.
Cotton cover melon (pepper) planting, can make full use of seasonal difference, space difference, increased multiple cropping index; high pipe efficiency, one-time management, two crops benefit, save labor and labor; a film dual-use, improve the use efficiency of plastic film, save cost; melon (pepper) vine leaves return to the field, can save fertilizer; comprehensive control of diseases and insect pests, can save medicine; fine management, increase the application of organic fertilizer, fertilize the soil fertility, which is conducive to the sustainable yield of cotton field. The planting of cotton melon (pepper) is a good way to optimize the structure.
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