High-yielding cultivation techniques of Upland Rice Gaoshan No.1

Upland rice Gaoshan No. 1 is bred by a kind of wild upland rice growing in Dupangling area on the border of Hunan and Guangxi. The wild upland rice has strong resistance to diseases, insect pests and weeds due to its long-term growth in harsh natural environment, as well as barren and drought tolerance, and its root system is particularly developed. The variety Gaoshan No.1 is suitable for water and dry cultivation. In 2000, it was planted in Tancheng County, Shandong Province and Wencheng County, Zhejiang Province, the highest yield was 9750kg/ ha, and the average yield was 7687.5kg/ ha, which was higher than that of local hybrid rice by 750kg/ ha. Because of its high yield, stress resistance and adaptability, it was introduced into Hunan, Hubei and Sichuan provinces in 2001, and the average yield reached 7755kg/ ha. The author introduced the demonstration from the Institute of rare and improved varieties in Tianmen City, Hubei Province in 2004. it has good resistance in the field, good comprehensive characters and high yield. After 3 years of popularization and planting, the planting area of this variety in Yuping County exceeded 134 hectares in 2006, and it has become one of the main rice varieties in some arid areas at present.

1 performance of comprehensive characters

1.1 yield situation in 2004, the upland rice Gaoshan No. 1 was introduced into Yuping County and planted in Shuitian Village, Zhujiachang Town. The hybrid rice "Fuyou No. 1" was compared with the same field, and the same cultivation and management measures were adopted. After yield testing and acceptance, the average yield of Gaoshan No. 1 was 6750kg/ hectares, which was 17.76% higher than that of Fuyou No. 1, an increase of 17.76%. From 2005 to 2006, the planting area of the county reached 134ha, the highest unit yield reached 9628.05kg/ hectares, and the average yield reached 7698kg/ hectares.

1.2 the characteristic plant height is about 1100m, the average number of grains per panicle is 200,250, the 1000-grain weight is 25,28g, the seed setting rate is high, and the stem has strong lodging resistance, so it is suitable for flood and drought planting. This variety has the advantages of high rice yield, good appearance, good quality and good taste.

1.3 strong resistance to diseases and insect pests, especially drought resistance. In the heading and flowering stage, even if there is drought, it can heading and filling normally, and the seed setting rate is as high as 90%.

2 cultivation techniques

2.1 planting area upland rice Gaoshan 1 can be planted in Wangtian field or dry land in water-deficient areas. If the early stage of the field can have water to ensure transplanting seedlings, raising seedlings and transplanting early can be carried out; if there is no water, it can be sown on demand or strip sown in the field like @ # @ 245 seedlings @. Planting in dry land can reach maturity only by rainfall without affecting the yield.

2.2 seed treatment sowed for 1-2 days before sowing in order to enhance the water absorption, ability and germination rate of seeds. Strong chlorine and other disinfectants were used to soak and disinfect the seeds in order to kill the germs on the surface of the seeds. generally, the seeds were soaked in clean water for about 2 hours, then soaked in strong chlorine for 8 hours for 10 hours, and then washed and germinated as seedlings.

2.3 Fine soil preparation and adequate application of basic fertilizer for dry land or Wangtian fields without water resources should be prepared in time after the harvest of the previous crop. Before raking the land, apply rotten stable fertilizer 30000kg per hectare, spread it evenly and turn it into the soil, the land should be leveled and raked fine, deeply ploughed about 20cm, and then apply surface bottom fertilizer after raking, and the amount of fertilizer should be determined according to the thickness of the soil. Generally, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 750kg/ hectare, if calcium superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are used, 375kg/ hectare is applied, and urea 75kg/ hectare or ammonium sulfate 150~225kg/ hectare should be added. In order to prevent underground pests from harming grain seedlings, 30kg Milol mixed with fine soil 600kg can be evenly sprinkled on the field.

2.4 it is generally appropriate to sow in the middle of April, so that the heading and flowering period can avoid the summer drought and ensure the yield. Sowing methods include sowing, strip sowing and on-demand sowing. No matter which method is adopted, the soil moisture must be watered thoroughly before sowing. After soil leveling and raking, artificial trenching was used to sow seeds. The density was as follows: row spacing 25~30cm, plant spacing 10m 150m. Hole sowing 5-7 seeds, generally sowing 37.5kg dry grain per hectare, sowing depth of about 20m, covering soil 2~3cm thick in time after sowing, too deep and too shallow are not conducive to seedling emergence and growth, especially when too deep, the emergence rate is low, the tillering ability is weak, the panicle is small and the yield is low. At the same time, we should do a good job of preventing rodents and finches.

2.5 Field management

2.5.1 rational application of fertilizer. It is an important fertilization experience for upland rice to increase yield by applying sufficient base fertilizer, seed fertilizer and topdressing by stages. Upland rice planting is sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer and requires more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Base fertilizer generally accounts for 60%-70% of the total, and the main types of fertilizer are compost, barnyard manure and other farm manure. Upland rice requires more soil moisture. The application of organic fertilizers such as heap and barnyard manure can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and improve the ability of soil water storage and fertilizer conservation. Base fertilizer should be applied in the whole process, first applying organic fertilizer, ploughing into the soil, raking and then applying surface bottom fertilizer to level the surface of the field. Topdressing is mainly composed of available organic fertilizers such as human feces and urine and chemical fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate. The period and times of topdressing vary with climate and soil. Topdressing in the rainy season can be done at the tillering stage, jointing stage and heading stage. For example, in the rainy season, topdressing is appropriate in the early stage (tillering stage) and foliar topdressing in the later stage. Pay attention to the control of nitrogen fertilizer and apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to prevent lodging. Tiller fertilizer was applied in light rain or after rain from 2 leaves and 1 heart to 3 leaves and 1 heart. Urea 150kg and potassium fertilizer 75kg per hectare promoted early tillering to reach the planned number of seedlings. Jointing fertilizer can be applied before young panicle differentiation at late tillering stage, generally urea 75kg per hectare to promote large panicle. During the heading and filling stage, you can see that the seedlings are fertilized, and the amount of fertilizer should be carefully controlled. Generally, urea 30~45kg is applied per hectare before and after rain, foliar topdressing can also be used on sunny days, urea 3kg plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.6kg per hectare is sprayed on water 30~50kg. Topdressing is based on quick-acting organic fertilizers such as human and animal feces and urine, as well as chemical fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate.

2.5.2 pulling seedlings and inter-seedlings, replenishing seedlings. When upland rice emerges, it is necessary to check seedlings, inter-seedlings and replenish seedlings in time, and if rainfall hardens the topsoil after sowing, loosen the soil in time to facilitate seedling emergence.

2.5.3 weeding. Because upland rice is planted in dry land or Wangtian, the initial growth of upland rice is slow due to lack of water supply, and there are often many weeds in the field and grow rapidly, which seriously affects the growth and development of upland rice. therefore, the effective control of weeds at seedling stage is the key to the high yield of upland rice. The weeds of upland rice should be controlled mainly by chemical weeding and supplemented by artificial weeding. Closed upland rice special herbicides can be sprayed once before emergence after sowing, such as butachlor + oxazolin, upland rice special herbicides No. 1, etc. special contact herbicides such as bentazon and paspalum can be selected in the seedling bed stage.

2.5.4 Anti-lodging. The application of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder of 250~300mg/kg at jointing stage can effectively control the growth of basal Internode of stem and prevent lodging.

2.5.5 rational irrigation. The cultivation of upland rice does not need irrigation, especially in the areas with less natural precipitation, the water source condition is an important guarantee for the normal growth and development of upland rice. Therefore, water should be replenished during the growth period to ensure the normal growth of upland rice. Generally, sowing must be watered thoroughly in order to ensure the neat emergence of seedlings, watering once about 10 days after sowing, and then watering once at the tillering stage and booting filling stage, respectively, to irrigate the soil to ensure the normal development of the plant and obtain high yield.

2.6 the main pests for pest control are underground pests, Chilo suppressalis, rice leaf roller, rice planthopper and so on. 25% insecticidal double water agent plus Jinggangmycin water 7.5kg/ ha can be sprayed at jointing stage. The main diseases are rice blast, bacterial blight and sheath blight. Spraying with the mixture of high-efficiency and low-toxic insecticides, tricyclazole, Yeqingshuang and potassium dihydrogen phosphate at heading stage can play a dual role in preventing diseases, pests and premature senility.

2.7 timely harvest of upland rice is easier to drop grains, and harvest in time after maturity, so as not to cause unnecessary yield reduction.