Characteristics and High-yielding cultivation techniques of Wanmai 38

Wanmai 38 is a new variety with high yield, stable yield, high quality and multi-resistance by using Yanzhong 114 as female parent and racing No. 2 line 65-15-9 as male parent. It was approved by Anhui crop Variety approval Committee in 1997 and the National Variety approval Committee in 1999. Wanmai 38 has a breakthrough in solving the contradiction between high yield and high quality, and has high popularization and application value in production.

1 feature characteristic

1.1 Variety characters

Wanmai 38 is a semi-winter variety with strong tillering ability and high panicle rate, dark leaf color, heavy wax powder, leaf uprush, beautiful appearance, plant height 80-85cm, spindle ear shape, long awn, white glume, white grain, oval seed, transparent horny, 1000-grain weight about 40g. Wanmai 38 has outstanding resistance to powdery mildew, middle to high resistance to powdery mildew, middle resistance to leaf scab, scab, middle susceptibility to stripe (slow type) and sheath blight. Close glume pollination to avoid smut. It is resistant to wheat midge and has obvious resistance to aphids. It has strong cold resistance, outstanding waterlogging resistance, better resistance to panicle sprouting and good comprehensive resistance. This variety has great flexibility in sowing date, can be planted in the early, middle and late stubble, and has a wide range of adaptation.

1.2 yield performance

It ranked first in the provincial and regional wheat regional tests from 1994 to 1997, and ranked second in the national Huang-Huai wheat regional tests from 1995 to 1997, with an average yield of 6814.5-7576.5kg/hm2 and the highest yield of 9220.5kg/hm2. In the year of the great disaster in 1998, it ranked first in the national wheat production experiment, which increased by 15.22% compared with the control. In the large-scale demonstration from 1996 to 1997, the general yield per unit area was 6844.5-7245.0kg/hm2, and the highest yield per unit area exceeded 9000.0kg/hm2. In the national and provincial yield stability analysis, the yield stability parameters were 0.58568 and 0.83278 respectively, which showed that the variety had over-average stability and good yield stability.

1.3 quality

Determined by the Grain quality Supervision and Inspection Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and the Grain, Oil and Food quality testing Center of Nanjing University of Economics, Wanmai 38 has a bulk density of 791-814g/L, a crude protein content of 13.3% Mel 14.2% (dry base), a sedimentation value of 39.2% 51.8ml, a wet gluten content of 38% Mo 42.3%, a dough formation time of 5.3-7.8min, a dough stabilization time of 9.7-14.0min, and a bread volume of 780cm3. The bread score is 63-72, far exceeding the international standard of 55. All its quality indexes are much better than those of the popularized wheat varieties, and it has excellent bread processing quality.

2High-yielding cultivation techniques

Wanmai 38 not only has the advantage of more panicles, but also has the potential of large grain weight per spike. Therefore, in order to achieve high yield, Wanmai 38 should not only give full play to the advantages of multiple panicles, but also tap the potential of panicle type and grain weight. We can not only rely on the way of high yield by many ears, but also can not ignore the number of panicles and pay more attention to grain weight. According to the analysis of the high yield practice of Wanmai 38, the high yield cultivation measures of Wanmai 38 are suitable to adopt the cultivation technique of population quality. according to the technical thinking of equal emphasis on ear, grain and weight, on the basis of ensuring full ear, the advantages of ear, grain and weight can be brought into full play to form a reasonable ear-grain structure. The suitable yield structure of 6000-7500kg/hm2 per hectare is 525-6 million ears per hectare, 30-35 grains per panicle and 38-40g 1000-grain weight.

2.1 early sowing at the right time

Early sowing at the right time can make full use of natural resources such as temperature, light and water before winter, and is beneficial to the cultivation of early and strong seedlings, laying a solid foundation for fighting for full ears, attacking large ears and winning high yield. at present, the semi-precision sowing technology is used in Fengtai and other places, and the population starting point is low, so it is necessary to increase the panicle rate of tillers to ensure high yield, and early sowing at the right time is even more important. According to the early sowing experiment of Wanmai 38, the young spike differentiation and main stem leaf age of wheat sown before and after September 30 were from 8 leaves to 7 leaves, from 8 leaves to 7 leaves and from 9 leaves to 8 leaves. Therefore, Wanmai 38 has no freezing damage at low temperature, so it is an ideal variety for early stubble wheat. According to the climatic characteristics and trial planting situation in Huaibei area, it is suitable for Wanmai 38 to sow around October 5.

2.2 reduce the sowing rate and reduce the basic seedlings

Wanmai 38 has the characteristics of more tillers and high panicle formation rate of tillers. It is necessary to control the number of basic seedlings and peak seedlings, reduce ineffective tillers, and increase the number of spikes and the ratio of grains to leaves. During the suitable sowing period, the basic seedlings are controlled at 1.8 million-2.25 million / hm2, the number of tillers at the tillering stage is about 6.75 million / hm2, the number of tillers at the overwintering stage is 9.75 million-10.5 million / hm2, the highest number of tillers is controlled at 13.5 million-15 million / hm2, and the panicle rate is 40% 50%.

2.3 Fertilizer Operation

According to the variety characteristics of Wanmai 38 and the high-yield cultivation theory of wheat, the principle of "promoting-controlling-promoting" should be adopted in fertilizer and water management.

(1) applying sufficient basal fertilizer to promote early onset. Base fertilizer should emphasize the combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and the combination of N, P and K. 1hm2 applied high quality soil fertilizer 30-45 square, nitrogen fertilizer (pure N) 150-180kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 120-150kg, potassium (K2O) 120-150kg.

(2) to control fertilizer and water in the middle stage and increase the panicle rate of tillers. Generally speaking, base fertilizer can ensure the occurrence of effective tiller before winter and maintain the stable growth of returning green period. the application of wax fertilizer and returning green fertilizer often increases the occurrence of ineffective tiller, reduces the panicle rate, and causes the population to be too large, which does more harm than good. Therefore, Wanmai 38 should control fertilizer and water from overwintering to jointing, if there is no obvious de-fertilization and insufficient number of tillers, do not apply fertilizer, control the maximum number of tillers, reduce invalid tillers, increase panicle formation, shorten the length of basal 1 and 2 internodes, and enhance the lodging resistance of Wanmai 38.

(3) look at the application of jointing and booting fertilizer to seedlings. Jointing and booting fertilizer is generally applied from the fixed length of the first and second internodes of wheat to the extraction of flag leaves, and it is determined according to the seedling condition and growth phase, generally applying urea 150-225kg/hm2. In case of drought at jointing stage, the effect of combined irrigation and fertilization is better.

(4) during the flowering and filling period of wheat, extra-root spraying was carried out according to the seedling condition to prolong the functional period of leaves, increase the number of grains per spike and increase grain weight.

2.4 Integrated control of diseases, insect pests and weeds

In view of the fact that the occurrence of diseases and insect pests is relatively common in recent years (especially susceptible to sheath blight and stripe rust in this variety) and has a high degree of seriousness, we should do a good job in the prediction and forecast of diseases and insect pests in time, take the initiative to attack and control them in time. The damage area of weeds in wheat field is large, and the base number is high, which seriously affects the yield and quality of wheat. When there are many weeds, suitable herbicides should be selected for chemical control according to the types of weeds. At the same time, we should make use of fine weather and ploughing in time, while weeding, enhance soil permeability, preserve soil moisture and increase temperature, and promote the good growth of wheat root system.

2.5 Scientific irrigation to protect against hot and dry wind

Many years' studies have shown that the growth of wheat depends not only on the total precipitation during the whole growth period of wheat, but also on the precipitation in the critical period of wheat growth. In order to achieve high and stable yield, Wanmai 38 must carry out reasonable supplementary irrigation according to the characteristics of precipitation distribution and the law of wheat water demand in this area. In production, it is especially necessary to pay attention to the key water of soil moisture, tiller overwintering water and jointing and booting. In addition, in view of the frequent occurrence of dry and hot wind in this area, we should do a good job in the prediction and prediction of dry and hot wind, and timely carry out late irrigation to meet the water needs of wheat, maintain water balance in the plant, increase air humidity, and smooth the variation of ground temperature. in order to weaken the harm of dry and hot wind and ensure high yield and harvest.