Main Agronomic characters and High-yielding cultivation techniques of High-quality conventional Rice

Yesizhan is a high-quality and high-yield temperature-sensitive variety bred by sexual hybridization between Xiyezhan 10 and Zhongerruanzhan in Foshan City Agricultural Science Research Institute. It was approved by Guangdong Province Crop Approval Committee in March 2005. The main agronomic characters and high-yield cultivation techniques are introduced as follows:

1 Main agronomic traits

Wild silk plants are early-maturing and middle-maturing with an average growth period of 127 days, and late-maturing with an average growth period of 108 days. The plant is short and strong, the tillering force is strong, the leaf color is green, the leaf blade is narrow and straight, accommodates the panicle number to be many, the panicle big grain density, the seed setting rate is high, the late mature color is good. Plant height 93.1cm, panicle length 20.4cm, seed setting rate 85.5%, 1000-grain weight 17.7g, slender grain, beautiful color. Medium resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight, field production of sheath blight disease is light. Seedling and later cold resistance is strong, fertilizer resistance, less diseases and insect pests, comprehensive resistance is good, adaptability is wide, easy to cultivate and manage.

From 2004 to 2005, it was planted in Jingkou Economic Zone of Sanshui District, Foshan City. The average yield per mu in 2004 was 481.7 kg, and that in 2005 was 427.1 kg. Rice quality: early-growing Guangdong Province special grade 2, late-growing national standard grade 2. The rice grain is slender and crystal white, and the appearance of rice is beautiful. Rice soft and hard palatability, rice taste good, taste soft and smooth not living, rice good, rice extension good not burst. The market price is higher than that of ordinary high-quality varieties, which sell well and are welcomed by farmers.

2 High-yielding cultivation techniques

2.1 Sowing in due time, soft disk seedling raising method was adopted to cultivate strong seedlings, and the seed quantity per mu was 1.5kg. The suitable sowing period of early sowing is 5~10 days in March, the seedling is covered with film and kept warm, the seedling age is 20~25 days, and the seedling is transplanted at 3 leaves and 1 needle stage. The sowing time of late sowing is 15~20 days in July, the seedling age is 15 days, and the transplanting is 3 leaves. Apply enough base fertilizer to seedling field, apply organic soil miscellaneous fertilizer 1000kg and compound fertilizer 15~20kg per mu, lay nutrition foundation for strong seedling. During seedling raising period, film mulching is used to keep seedlings warm. In case of sunny day and high temperature, both ends are exposed for ventilation and cooling during the day to prevent high temperature from burning seedlings, and then covered back at night. In the evening, the temperature is higher and the rain is frequent. Set up a flat shed on the ridge surface and cover it with a sunshade net to prevent high temperature burns and heavy rain washing, and pay attention to the moisture retention of the seedling field. 7 days before transplanting, remove both ends for ventilation to adapt to the external environment; 5 days before transplanting, completely remove the film and refine the seedlings; 2 days before transplanting, spray 2%~3% urea solution on the leaves, in case of fine weather, spray clean water immediately to reduce the concentration of fertilizer solution to prevent burning the leaves; 1 day before transplanting, spray the fertilizer to prevent pests from moving to the field, which can greatly reduce the cost of field control.

2.2 Timely transplanting, reasonable close planting Early planting is generally transplanted in early April, and the transplanting is completed around Qingming; Late planting is generally transplanted in early August, and the transplanting is completed around the beginning of autumn. The planting specification is 20×20cm, 1.5~1.8 thousand seedlings are planted per mu, 4~5 seedlings are planted per family, and 75 ~ 85,000 seedlings are planted in one family, and shallow and uniform planting is achieved. Check seedlings within 3 days after insertion to ensure complete seedlings.

2.3 The proportion of N, P2O5 and K2O applied in the whole growth period should be controlled at 1∶0.6∶1.2. Apply sufficient base fertilizer to the whole layer: generally, 1000kg of decomposed organic manure, 25kg of calcium superphosphate, 7.5 kg of urea and 7.5 kg of potassium chloride shall be applied to the whole layer of the harrowing field one day before transplanting, and the harrowing can be evenly harrowed. Staged topdressing: early application of thin fertilizer, fertilizer adhere to the mid-term do not fade green do not apply, late depending on the growth of appropriate supplementary application. Generally, 4~5 days after transplanting, urea 7.5kg per mu shall be mixed with 100ml of butachlor; 10~12 days after transplanting, compound fertilizer 10kg shall be mixed with potassium chloride; 15~20 days after transplanting, compound fertilizer 15kg shall be scattered; grain fertilizer may be applied according to grain color and weather conditions after full heading. Application of potassium chloride in early stage could strengthen culms and dwarf rice, effectively improve rice lodging resistance, increase yield and improve quality.

2.4 Thin dew irrigation, scientific water use thin dew irrigation technology. Early mud skin water back green, mud water tiller, 80% enough seedlings when exposed to the sun, the degree from light to heavy. In the middle stage, thin water irrigation and rapid drainage, dry and wet alternation, keep the field moist, promote deep root penetration, and improve the wind resistance and lodging resistance of rice. Return to shallow water during heading and flowering period to ensure sufficient water supply and improve seed setting rate. During the filling period, irrigation and drainage should be carried out quickly, keep the field moist, and put running water once a week. It is not advisable to cut off water too early in the later period, and cut off water and dry the fields 10 days before harvest.

2.5 Integrated control of diseases and insect pests should carry out the prevention first, integrated control policy, through reasonable fertilization, increased phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, scientific water, water fertilizer adjustment, improve plant resistance, reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. The field management mainly focuses on the control of rice leaf roller and late rice planthopper. Do a good job in forecasting and timely application of pesticides for control.