Characteristics and High-yielding cultivation techniques of a New High-quality Japonica Rice Variety Jiudao 53

Jiudao 53, a new japonica rice variety, was bred by Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences with Jiudao 14 as female parent and Hei Xiangnan as male parent. Through the combination of simultaneous identification of rice quality and resistance in early generation and shuttle breeding, pedigree method was used. It was examined and approved by the National crop Variety approval Committee in 2005 (approval number: national examination and approval Rice 2005049). After years of experiment and demonstration, the variety showed the characteristics of moderate growth period, excellent rice quality, strong resistance, good adaptability, outstanding yield stability and so on. In 2005, 20,000 mu was planted in Meihekou, the main producing area of high-quality rice in Jilin Province, which is welcomed by rice farmers and rice merchants, and has a broad prospect of popularization and application.

1 Variety characteristics

1.1.The agronomic character Jiudao 53 was planted in the northern rice region for the whole growth period of 148days, and the ripening period was similar to that of the control variety (Jiyujing). The accumulated temperature of ≥ 10 ℃ was 2850 ℃ from seedling emergence to maturity, and the response to light and temperature was insensitive. Average plant height 97cm, compact plant type, strong tillering ability, fast growing after transplanting, fast yellowing in the later stage, and living stalk maturing. The average panicle length is 17.5cm, the main tiller is neat, the grain filling speed is fast, the average grain number per spike is 115grains, the seed setting rate is more than 95%, and the 1000-grain weight is 23.4g. The grain is oval, sparse and short awned, and the glume is yellow.

1.2 artificial inoculation of isolates and identification of multi-site natural induction in adult disease areas were used in the northern regional test of stress resistance. the results of comprehensive evaluation were as follows: seedling blast, leaf blast and MP panicle blast of Jiudao 53. Large-scale production and planting showed cold resistance, strong salt and alkali resistance, hard stem and lodging resistance, light occurrence of Chilo suppressalis and sheath blight, and outstanding comprehensive resistance.

The average yield of Jiudao 53 was 583.8kg per mu, which was equal to that of the control variety (Jiyujing). In 2004, Jiyu japonica group participated in the production experiment of northern Jiyu japonica group, the average yield per mu was 8.3% higher than that of the control. The analysis of multi-point production demonstration and AMMI model for many years showed that the variety had good yield stability and wide adaptability, the yield of medium fertility field was about 630kg per mu, and the yield of high yield plot was above 700kg per mu.

1.4 the average results of rice quality analysis in the northern regional test from 2002 to 2003: head rice rate of Jiudao 53 is 66.7%, chalky rice rate is 11.0%, chalkiness is 1.3%, amylose content is 16.2%, gel consistency is 73mm, and the rice quality reaches the second grade of the national "high quality rice" standard. Rice has good palatability, has a natural fragrance, and does not return to life after cold.

2High-yielding cultivation techniques

Jiudao 53 is suitable to be planted in the upper limit of the first accumulated temperate zone in Heilongjiang, middle and late rice areas in Jilin Province, northeast Liaoning, Yellow River diversion irrigation areas in Ningxia, Chifeng, southern Tongliao, north-central Gansu and Hexi rice areas in Inner Mongolia. The main points of cultivation are as follows:

2.1 to cultivate strong seedlings with tillers, we should adopt large hole pot plate seedling raising technology, plastic flat plate seedling raising or dry seedling raising, early sowing and sparse sowing at the right time, sowing quantity of bud seeds on flat plate 60g/ plate, and dry seedling raising on 200g/ square meters. The optimum seedling age is about 4.5 leaves, the seedling height is 12~15cm, the leaves are tall and straight, and there is yellow in the green. In the seedling stage, pay attention to ventilation to control the temperature in the shed to prevent the seedlings from overgrowing. Strict chemical control of blight.

2.2 reasonable sparse planting, timely early sowing and shallow planting, reasonable sparse planting. The general density is 30.0cm × 16.5~20.0cm, with 2-3 seedlings per hole, and the rice area with superior light, temperature and water can be sparsely planted. No matter transplanting by hand, transplanting by machine or throwing seedlings, it is required to protect the basic seedlings of 25000 / mu. It is appropriate to use seedling throwing to save labor and labor.

2.3 Scientific fertilizer and water management fertilization should be based on the combination of agricultural fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, promote steadily, protect tillers with roots, and naturally turn yellow at the end of tillering. The bottom fertilizer is applied before raking. In the whole growth period of medium fertility field, the application of pure nitrogen is about 150kg/ hectare, and that of phosphorus and potassium is about 75kg/ hectare. Phosphate fertilizer is applied once as base fertilizer, and a small amount of silicon and magnesium fertilizer is applied at the same time according to the situation; nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are applied in three times, with 60% base fertilizer, 20% tiller fertilizer and 20% panicle fertilizer.

The water management is mainly in shallow water, draining and drying the fields at the end of tillering is not recommended, and the growing fields are shelved lightly and shelved for many times. Dry and wet alternately in the filling period. The water was stopped about 15 days before harvest to improve the seed setting rate and maturity, so as to reduce the chalkiness rate and chalkiness and improve the processing quality.

2.4 Pest control should pay attention to the comprehensive control of diseases and insect pests such as blight, rice blast and stem borer according to climate, plot and field growth, so as to reduce the use of high residual pesticides.