High-yielding cultivation techniques of double cropping no-tillage and direct seeding of oil and rice

Zhejiang Province has a more developed economy and high labor value. at the same time, with the rise of diesel prices, the ploughing fee of cultivated land machinery increases, and the cost of grain and oil production increases year by year. For this reason, the experiment, demonstration and popularization of no-tillage and direct seeding high-yield cultivation techniques of oil and rice double cropping in Zhejiang Province have reduced the cost of grain and oil production and improved the planting benefit. According to the investigation, the cost-saving and benefit per mu of no-tillage direct seeding rape was 62.5 yuan higher than that of transplanting rape, the cost-saving and benefit of no-tillage direct seeding late rice per mu was 70.24 yuan higher than that of ploughing and transplanting late rice, and the total cost-saving and benefit of oil-rice double cropping no-tillage direct seeding cultivation was 132.74 yuan in the whole year. In this paper, the high-yield cultivation techniques of oil-rice double cropping and no-tillage direct seeding are introduced as follows.

1 key points of high-yield cultivation techniques of no-tillage direct seeding rape

No-tillage direct seeding rape is a kind of rape cultivation method in which the soil is not ploughed after late rice harvest, old weeds are banned and rape seeds are sown directly after simple leveling.

1.1 No-tillage direct seeding rape has shallow roots and is easy to lodge in the later stage. "double-low" rape varieties with high yield, moderate plant height and good lodging resistance should be selected for no-tillage direct seeding cultivation.

1.2 early sowing late rice should be sowed early after harvest, usually sowing in mid-late October, no later than the end of October at the latest. The sowing amount per mu is 0.15 ~ 0.2kg when the soil is wet and early sowing, and 0.2~0.3kg per mu when the soil is dry or late. In order to sow evenly, 0.5~0.75kg fried rapeseed can be used to mix the seeds well before sowing. The sowing methods are mainly direct seeding and spreading direct seeding, and mechanical direct seeding is advocated to improve the efficiency of field operation.

1.3After mechanical trenching and sowing, ditching machine was used to cover soil in time, ditch width 20cm, ditch depth 15cm, border width 120~140cm, border cover soil thickness 2~3cm. After the machine trench is finished, dig the drainage ditch in the corner of the field to make the ditch communicate with each other. Each mu of border surface is evenly covered with rice straw 150~200kg, which can not only shade, moisturize and promote the whole seedling, but also enrich the soil.

1.4 fixed seedlings, 2 leaves and 1 heart time seedlings, dense thinning between them. The seedlings were fixed at 4-leaf stage, 1.2 ~ 18000 seedlings per mu for early sowing and 1.8 ~ 25000 seedlings per mu for late sowing.

1.5 Chemical weeding

1.5.1 pre-sowing treatment for fields with heavy weeds before sowing, 10% glyphosate 500ml flushing 40kg spray was used to kill old weeds in no-tillage rice fields 3-5 days before sowing.

1.5.2 pre-sowing treatment after sowing, after sowing and covering soil, 50% Acetochlor 50~75ml or 60% butachlor 100ml flushing 40kg was sprayed per mu to treat the soil to prevent weed germination.

1.5.3 the fields dominated by Gramineae weeds were treated with 5% fine grass 50ml or 10.8% efficient cover grass energy 20~25ml per mu in the weed 3-4 leaf stage, and flushed 40kg was sprayed to control. For the fields dominated by broad-leaved grass, 50% high Teke 30ml per mu and flushing 40kg spray were used to control the weeds at the stage of 2-3 leaves.

1.6 Scientific fertilization direct seeding rape fertilizer management adopted the method of promoting fertilizer application before, that is, sufficient base fertilizer, early seedling fertilizer, stable bolting fertilizer, promoting both winter and spring. Generally, the total amount of fertilizer application per mu is controlled by nitrogen fertilizer 15~16kg, calcium superphosphate 25kg, potassium chloride 7.5kg, boron fertilizer 1kg. General phosphorus, potassium and boron fertilizer are used as base fertilizer at one time, and the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer is 30% of base fertilizer, 35% of seedling fertilizer, 15% of wax fertilizer and 20% of bolting fertilizer.

1.7 Disease and pest control aphids occurred in the early and middle stages of direct seeding rape. 10% imidacloprid 20g flushing water 40kg per mu was used to control aphids. In the early flowering and full flowering stage, 100g / mu or 25% Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was sprayed with 20 ~ 40ml, flushing 40kg to control Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

1.8 when the pod is loquat yellow when harvested at the right time, it should be harvested manually in time, ripe after stacking, and threshed in sunny days. If mechanical harvesting is used, the harvest will be clear when the maturity rate of rape is more than 90%.

2 High-yielding cultivation techniques of no-tillage direct seeding late rice

No-tillage direct seeding late rice refers to a rice cultivation method in which rice seeds are sown directly to the field after no-tillage and direct seeding of rice seeds in the field after no-tillage and direct seeding of rice seeds without ploughing and harrowing after harvesting rape and other crops.

2.1 late rice varieties with high yield such as Jiahua 1, Xiushui 994 and Xiushui 09 with short stalks, stout stems and medium tillers should be selected.

2.2 make sure that after the whole seedling rape is harvested, keep the original border and ditch, flatten the original border surface with tooth rake, reach the level of soil fine surface, and then soak in irrigation for 1-2 days. Before sowing, after seed selection and drying, 4.5g of 18% rice seed clear was added with water 10kg, and the seeds were soaked in 7.5kg for 48 hours. Before sowing, use 18% pyrithiazine 10g per mu to mix bud millet. The suitable sowing date is from May 20 to June 5. The conventional late rice variety 2.0~3.0kg and the hybrid late rice variety 1.0~1.2kg are used per mu.

2.3 Weed control 3 days before sowing, 20 grams of untracked 200ml per mu or 10% glyphosate 500ml were sprayed on water 40kg to control old weeds. In 2-3 days after sowing, 40% direct seeding net or 35% Xinhebao 60g per mu was uniformly sprayed with water 40kg. When the seedlings had 2 leaves and 1 heart, under the condition of keeping the field moist, 53% Tiancaoling 40g flushing 40kg per mu was sprayed and rewatered the next day after spraying. It can also be combined with field management to pull out weeds manually.

The proportion of nitrogen fertilizer application is 30% weaning fertilizer, 30% tiller fertilizer, 20% coarse fertilizer and 20% panicle fertilizer.

2.5 Water slurry management 1-2 days before sowing, soak the soil with irrigation. Keep the border moist before sowing seedlings. After emergence, except for fertilization, pest control, irrigation on the border and draining ditch water when shelving, flat ditch water was kept for the rest of the time. The water was cut off 5-7 days before harvest.

2.6 prevent lodging when the number of seedlings per mu reaches 250000 ~ 300000, drainage and shelving the field in time to inhibit the occurrence of ineffective tillering. At the early stage of jointing, 100ppm paclobutrazol solution was sprayed per mu to control the plant height. According to the forecast of diseases and insect pests, timely prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.