Technique of Flower Luohan Culture in Fish Tank

F1owerhorn is the general name of the multi-hybrid offspring of many species of Cichlaidae, mainly the parents of the genus Cichlasoma. Because of its strange appearance and bright colors, Hua Luohan was sought after by the majority of ornamental fish lovers and became a new favorite of ornamental fish in Asia within three or four years. Hua Luohan was born only 10 years ago, has been in Chinese mainland for only 5 years, and now its culture technology is introduced as follows.

I. Biological characteristics

Due to the differences in parents, many strains of Hua Luohan have been formed, including Hua Luohan strain, Jinhua strain, Huajiao strain and pearl line created in Malaysia, leopard series, red leopard series and color diamond series bred in Taiwan of China. And Thailand's Red Star series, Golden Taiyan series and so on.

In spite of this, flower Luohan fish can be grouped into one category, and they naturally have something in common. In terms of shape, such as bone, fin, lateral line, body shape, etc., Hua Luohan maintains the common characteristics of Cichlidae: it is a medium-sized fish with an adult body length of 20 to 40 cm (different strains vary, and the largest individual of the flower Luohan strain can weigh up to 5 kg). The stout lateral flat shape, the side looks like an oval shape, and the soft fin at the back of the dorsal fin and anal fin is extended, making its appearance outline like a rectangle. The head is raised, the muzzle is short, the mouth is large, the lips and teeth are fine and sharp, the eyes are large, and the sclera is red. The color is bright and rich (non-Malaysian strains are often monotonous), the chest is mostly bright red, and in addition to skin pigments, there are often golden flaky or punctate reflectors on the surface of the scales. In addition, there are often black spots along the side line.

In terms of living habits, Hua Luohan is almost the same as their ancestors: carnivorous, can eat pellet feed, fierce and aggressive, especially the same kind of serious cannibalism, has the habit of occupying territory, the female-to-male ratio is close to 1 ∶ 1, the male individual is obviously larger than the female, and the growth rate is faster than the female. The females mature at about 6 months, and the males range from 8 months to 2 years old. Males and females pair by themselves, lay sticky eggs on stones or slates, and have the habit of protecting fish eggs and seedlings (which is why Cichlidae is called Sparidae in the ornamental fish world). Prefer weak acid to neutral water quality, do not require high dissolved oxygen and hardness conditions.

The final culture water body of Hua Luohan is the fish tank, and every stage of the life history of Hua Luohan can be completed in the fish tank, so this paper mainly introduces the technology of cultivating Hua Luohan in the fish tank.

II. Construction of water environment

The survival water temperature of Hua Luohan is 22: 35 ℃, and the optimum water temperature is 26: 30 ℃. Water quality requirements: dissolved oxygen ≥ 5 mg / L, pH value between 6.0 and 7.0, other physical and chemical conditions are not strict, general aquarium tanks, cement ponds, ponds can meet.

The size of the fish tank of the farmed flower Luohan should be coordinated with the size of the fish body. in general, the length of the fish tank should be equal to 3 to 5 times the total length of the fish. If there are more mixed fish, the fish tank needs to be bigger. The standard tank of 80cm and 120cm is the most commonly used in the family.

For productive breeding, it is not necessary to arrange decorative items in the fish tank, the purification equipment can use the upper filter or multi-cylinder common circulating water purification system, do not use biochemical cotton pneumatic filter, so as not to be bitten by fish, and there is no need to install inflatable equipment.

Household farming is generally equipped with an upper filtration system, or an out-of-cylinder purification bucket, or a wall-mounted purifier, or a bottom filtration system. For beauty and decoration, sand can be laid on the bottom of the cylinder and covered with a layer of pebbles or colorful stones, 1 or 2 pieces of sunken wood can be arranged, and a small number of water plants with strong anti-impact ability, such as iron crown, water wheel front, fern and so on.

III. Feeding and management

1. Flower Luohan with more than 10 centimeters can not be cultured in the same tank with the same kind, but can be mixed with some other fish that are larger than it. These fish include: arowana, red-tailed catfish, parrot fish, pig larvae, scavengers, Yankou beautiful body fish (fire mouth fish), solemn beautiful body fish (pineapple fish) and so on. In mixed culture, the total number of fish in the tank must be odd, such as 3, 5, 9, so as to reduce fighting.

Productive aquaculture, in order to make effective use of the space and make the fish more gorgeous, the fish tank is often separated from the middle with a glass plate, with a tail of flowers on each side, so that they can see and smell each other, stimulate their desire to fight and stimulate them to secrete hormones. It can play a role in increasing beauty and promoting the enlargement of the forehead.

two。 The feeds fed to Hua Luohan are usually small fish, shrimp, fish pieces, meat pieces, fresh mixed meat balls, pellet feed, etc., with 1-2 meals a day, each meal equivalent to about 5% of the fish's body weight, which can ensure that they are basically full and do not leave residual bait. It is best to often feed some shrimp, or add a certain amount of shrimp meat, astaxanthin, carotene and other vitamins to the mixed feed, which is not only conducive to health and growth, but also has the effect of increasing the redness of the body surface.

In the fish tank where many kinds of fish are mixed with Hua Luohan, the fish are generally carnivorous and can be fed with only one kind of food per meal, and it is best to feed less surimi food, so as not to cause residue to pollute the water body during the food struggle.

3. Water quality is generally managed by tap water after aeration dechlorination. If the pH value is higher than 7.0, it can be adjusted by acidifier or the mixture of phosphoric acid and sodium dihydrogen phosphate (in fact, the pH value as high as 7.5 can also be adapted, but it is not as good as weak acidity). The hardness of tap water generally meets the requirements and does not need to be specially adjusted.

A single fish tank (or two separated) change the water once a week, each time to change about 1 pound 3, multi-fish mixed culture, depending on the clarity of the water every 3 to 7 days to change the water, each time for about 1 pound 3.

IV. Disease prevention and treatment

Hua Luohan's disease resistance is relatively strong, rarely get sick, and no disaster caused by a large area of disease has been found, but the prevention and treatment of the disease can not be ignored. In general, the more common disease prevention measure is to add salt regularly, adjust the salinity in the fish tank to 0.5% every 2 weeks, keep it for 24 hours and then gradually return to normal.

Mixed fish tanks, due to occasional fights and bites, injuries occur from time to time, if you immediately increase the salinity of the method of sterilization, generally can avoid the deterioration of wound infection. Once the wound is infected, it can be soaked with antibiotics (penicillin, oxytetracycline hydrochloride is more commonly used), and norfloxacin enema can be used for enteritis.

V. Reproduction

Hua Luohan has the habit of choosing his own mate, but the reproduction in the aquarium is often artificially paired.

1. Male and female identification. The reproductive papillae can be seen directly, the female reproductive papillae is larger and U-shaped, while the male reproductive papillae is smaller and V-shaped; the flower Luohan originated in Malaysia can also judge male and female by the black patches of the dorsal fin: there is a black spot in the center of the dorsal fin in the female, but not in the male.

two。 After putting the mature male into the fish tank, put the female fish the next day, separate them with a glass plate or iron net, remove the isolator after 3 to 7 days, and put in tiles or inverted porcelain plates as egg plates. At this time, we should pay attention to observe the situation in the fish tank, the difference between estrus and fierce fighting is obvious. In the event of a dramatic fight, the female fish should be fished out immediately and re-paired. If the pairing is ideal, it is possible to lay eggs within 24 hours, with a total of 500 to 1000 eggs at a time. Take out the spawning board attached to the fish eggs and put them in the fish tank to hatch. The hatching time of the fertilized eggs is about 48 hours.

3. The fry will be fed 48 hours after emergence of the film. The individual of flower Luohan fry is relatively large, and it can feed on small cladocera and rotifer at the opening, and general cladocera on the 3rd day.