High-yielding cultivation and management techniques of honeysuckle

1 selection of high-yielding varieties

(2) Land selection and land preparation

When raising seedlings, choose sandy soil with loose soil, fertile soil and good drainage and places with convenient irrigation and water sources. After soil selection, the soil was deeply turned over 30cm, the soil was broken, the soil was leveled and raked fine, and sufficient basal fertilizer was applied, and then seeded or cut into a high border with a width of 1.3m (1.2m to 1.5m). Planting land can be planted on barren slopes, land edges, ditches, sporadic plots in front and back of houses. First, turn the soil deeply, apply sufficient basic fertilizer, apply organic fertilizer 2500-3000 ┧ per mu, superphosphate 50 ┧, level and rake fine for high border or high ridge planting.

3Propagation methods

Breeding with seeds and cuttings, generally with cuttings, the survival rate is high and the income is fast.

3.1 seed propagation

When the fruit matured black from October to November, the excellent mother plant was selected to harvest the fruit. Then gently rub the peel and pulp with your hands, rinse with clean water, float away the blighted seeds, select full seeds and dry them in a cool and ventilated place. Because the dried seeds do not germinate, the seeds can not be sowed until they are too dry. They can be sowed along with picking or in early spring (March-April). Before sowing, the seeds should be soaked in warm water of 30-35 ℃, soaked for 24 hours, removed and mixed with 3-5 times wet sand to accelerate germination, turn once in 3 days, about 15 days, and so on when the seed crack reaches about 30%, the seeds can be sowed. The nursery land should be close to the source of water, leeward, sunny, fertile sandy loam, turn 30-33cm deep into a border of about 110-130cm, apply rotten stable fertilizer 4000kg per 667m2, turn it flat, pour through water and wait for sowing. Using strip sowing, the shallow trench was opened according to the row spacing of 21-25cm, the furrow width was 10cm, and the depth was 5-8cm. The seeds were evenly sown in the sowing ditch and covered with soil 1cm. After sowing, keep the ground moist, the border can be covered with a layer of weeds, drenched with water every 1 day, about 10 days can be unearthed. Transplant after autumn or spring of the following year, with 1-1.5kg seeds per 667m2.

3.2 Cuttage seedling propagation

It can be used for cutting seedlings or direct cutting in planting land.

The direct cutting time is generally carried out in the rainy season. In the overcast and rainy weather in summer and autumn, 30-35cm segments of 1-2-year-old branches without diseases and insect pests are selected, each section has about three nodes, and the lower leaves are removed as cuttings. On the selected plot, the nest was dug according to row spacing 165cm, plant spacing 120-150cm, nest depth 16-18cm, each litter 5-6 cuttings, scattered and obliquely buried in the soil, cuttings exposed about 7-11cm on the ground, and compacted after insertion. In case of drought years, watering after planting to improve the survival rate.

The method of seedling planting is to select the plot which is convenient for watering, deeply turn and flatten, apply 4000kg farm manure as base fertilizer per 667m2, open ditch according to row spacing 23-26cm, deep 16cm about 5-10cm in July-August, put the cuttings obliquely in the ditch, then fill and cover flat compaction, and expose 5-8 cm after cuttings are buried in order to facilitate the germination of new buds. Water once after planting, and if the weather is dry, water once every 2 days to keep the soil moist. About half a month, it can take root and sprout, and transplant before germination in spring or dormant period in autumn and winter in the second year.

3.3 Land preparation and transplanting

Plant honeysuckle without occupying arable land, using barren slopes, ridges, mountain ponds, ditches, riversides, vegetable gardens, front and back houses and other places rich in humus. The row spacing of each plant was the same as that of straight cuttage, and one plant was planted in each corner according to the square of 35cm, and another plant was planted in the middle. Before transplanting, 5-10kg manure, 50g cake fertilizer and 250g superphosphate were applied to each hole. Transplanting before spring germination or dormant period in autumn and winter, planting with soil when transplanting, high survival rate, compacting soil after planting and watering root water.

4 field management

4.1 fertilization

In order to obtain high yield, topdressing should be applied many times during the growing period. For the first time, the application of "strong seedling fertilizer" before the beginning of spring can promote the growth of new branches and make the stems and leaves of honeysuckle grow luxuriantly. The second time in March re-application of "pre-flowering fertilizer", to promote more inflorescences, a large number of flowering. 3000kg was applied to human feces and urine per 667m2, 10kg was applied to each litter or 50-100g ammonium sulfate was applied to each plant, and then topdressing was carried out after each flower harvest to promote the rapid recovery of plant growth. Apply overwintering fertilizer in front of the Winter Solstice for the last time. Each pier was treated with rotten stable manure or compost 5~10kg, ammonium sulfate 100g, superphosphate 200g, and applied in a ring-shaped ditch around the flower pier. After application, the soil was covered with fertilizer and soil was cultivated.

4.2 ploughing and weeding

In the first, second and third years after transplanting, the weeding was carried out 3-4 times a year, the first time when sending new leaves, the second time from July to August, and the third time before frost at the end of autumn and the beginning of winter. From the fourth year, it will only be held once after the end of early spring, autumn and early winter. When ploughing, loosen the soil around the plant so as not to hurt the root, prevent the root from exposing the ground, and cultivate the soil to protect the plant, especially in winter. After thawing in the spring of the third year, a deep turn will be carried out. Deep turning between rows and plants can not only loosen the soil, but also cut off the old roots on the surface.

4.3 drainage and irrigation water

In the case of dry weather or too much Rain Water during flowering, it will cause a large number of falling flowers, retting flowers, rupture of young flowers and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to do a good job in irrigation and drainage in time.

4.4 wintering management

Honeysuckle can survive the winter naturally in most parts of our country, but when planting honeysuckle in cold areas such as Jilin, we should pay attention to protect the old branches. If the old branches are frozen to death, the new branches will be reissued the following year, resulting in less flowering and low yield. The specific method is before the ground is frozen, the old branches lie flat on the ground, cover the Artemisia grass 6cm thick, and then cover the grass with soil, you can survive the winter safely, and remove the mulch before germination in the following spring.

5. Shaping and pruning

After transplanting, only one strong plant was left in each hole, which was pruned and cultured into an umbrella-shaped upright shrub. Specific methods of shaping and pruning: within 1-2 years after planting, the main purpose is to cultivate an upright and sturdy trunk. When the height of the trunk is 30cm to 40cm, cut off the top tip to promote the lateral bud to germinate into branches. After germination in the spring of the second year, 4 and 5 sturdy branches were left in the upper part of the trunk as the main branches, which were planted in two layers. In winter, 5-6 pairs of buds are retained in the primary branch from the main branch, and the upper part is cut off. After that, in the secondary branches growing from the primary branch, 6-7 pairs of buds were retained and the upper part was cut off. Then pick the hook-shaped shoots from the flower branches growing from the secondary branches. If there is no such tender shoot, do not remove it. In general, the young branches with dense and short nodes and thin leaves germinated in the secondary branches or on the original old flower branches after spring are flower branches and should be retained. Through shaping and pruning, honeysuckle has changed from the original winding growth to an umbrella-shaped shrub-shaped flower stump with sparse branches, uniform distribution, ventilation and light transmission, stout and upright trunk. Because honeysuckle has the characteristics that new branches can develop into flower branches in the same year, through the above pruning measures, it can promote more new branches and form more buds, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing production. Winter pruning is carried out every year from Frosts Descent to before freezing, and old branches, disease and insect branches, thin and weak branches, long branches that cross and disturb the shape of trees should also be cut off, so that nutrients are concentrated on producing new branches and forming buds. After picking flowers in each crop, summer pruning is also carried out. After each pruning, topdressing should be done once.

6. Pest control (see entry 2)

7. Harvesting and processing

Timely picking is an important link to improve the yield and quality of Flos Lonicerae. Honeysuckle blossoms in the third year after transplanting. It should be harvested from sunny dawn to 9: 00 p. M. Generally, the first stubble flowers are picked in mid-late May, and the second, third and fourth stubble flowers are picked every other month. the picking standard of flower buds is that before the buds open, when the buds change from green to white, the upper part is enlarged, and the lower part is cyan, according to the florescence, the picked honeysuckle is "two white flowers". The flowers harvested in the big white period when the buds are completely white are called "big white needles", and the quality of the buds picked in these two periods is the best.

The picked buds should be dried or dried in time, and do not pile up to become moldy. To dry, put the picked buds on the sun pan with a thickness of not more than 3 centimeters, according to the principle of drying on the same day. If you don't dry in the sun that day, don't turn it when you move indoors at night, and dry it the next day. Dry, use the baking room to dry, the initial temperature does not exceed 40, keep it for 4-5 hours and then gradually reach 60 until it is dried. Do not turn over when drying, otherwise it is easy to turn black; do not stop drying when not dry, stop drying is easy to heat and deteriorate, affecting the quality. General yield of about 150 kg per mu, to the body, no miscellaneous leaves, bud color, fragrance as a good product.