Cultivation Technique of Lentinus edodes with Raw Material

First, the significance of raw material cultivation. 1. A wide range of sources of culture materials, easy to use local materials. Such as sawdust, cottonseed hull, soybean straw powder, corncob and so on. 2. The technological process of raw material cultivation is simple, which greatly saves labor and working hours. 3. The cultivation period of raw material is short and the benefit is quick. From embryo pressing or bagging inoculation to mushroom production, it usually takes only about 40 days. The culture material is not sterilized at high temperature and the nutrients are not destroyed, and the accumulation fermentation can decompose most of the macromolecular materials into small molecular materials which are easy to be absorbed by hyphae. At the same time, due to the addition of appropriate amount of fungicides in the culture medium, the infection of miscellaneous bacteria was significantly reduced. 4. The cultivation of raw materials has the advantages of low cost, good quality and high yield. The output of raw meal is 27% higher than that of clinker, while the production cost is reduced by 29%. Second, raw material preparation 1, the formula of culture material. Because Lentinus edodes is a wood-rotting fungus, in order to improve the yield and quality, the culture material must contain more than 30% sawdust. The formulations of four kinds of culture materials are introduced as follows: (1) 38 kg of sawdust, 10 kg of wheat bran, 1 kg of sugar, 0.5 kg of gypsum, 0.5 kg of calcium superphosphate and 35 grams of carbendazim. (2) 20 kg of cottonseed shell, 19 kg of sawdust, 10 kg of wheat bran, 0.75 kg of sugar, 0.5 kg of gypsum and 35 g of carbendazim. (3) 25 kg corncob, 15 kg sawdust, 8.5 kg wheat bran, 0.75 kg sugar, 0.5 kg gypsum, 0.25 kg urea and 35 g carbendazim. (4) 19.5 kg rice straw (or wheat straw) powder, 19.5 kg sawdust, 9.25 kg wheat bran, 0.75 kg sugar, 0.5 kg gypsum and 35 g carbendazim. 2. Pre-treatment of sawdust. Sawdust is the favorite raw material of Lentinus edodes. Because there are a large number of pine, cypress, fir and other components in the sawdust, the sawdust of these tree species contain alkenes that inhibit the growth of mycelium. Therefore, when planting Lentinus edodes, necessary measures should be taken to make the mycelium grow normally. The specific methods are as follows: ⑴ lime water immersion method: its principle is that the pH value of lime water is higher, and alkalinity can destroy the chemical structure of alkenes. Generally soak the sawdust in 2% lime water for 12-24 hours, then remove it and rinse with clean water to dry. Soaking in ⑵ potassium permanganate solution: the principle is that potassium permanganate can oxidize alkenes. Generally soak in 0.2% Mel 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for about 12 hours, then fish it out, rinse and dry with clean water. ⑶ boil: boil the sawdust in boiling water for about 15 minutes, rinse with clean water and dry. ⑷ sun exposure: sun exposure to terpenes for 60 days-90 days can also make terpenes decompose and volatilize. 3. ⑴ effect of stacking fermentation: a. Some macromolecular substances can be degraded into small molecular substances directly used by hyphae by fermentation. b. In the process of fermentation, the temperature can reach 70 ℃, which can kill most of the miscellaneous bacteria. c. Alkenes which inhibit the growth of mycelium can be degraded during fermentation. ⑵ process: mix the culture material evenly according to the formula, and then mix well with water to build a pile according to the proportion of 1RU 1.3. The pile is 1.2 m-2 m wide and 1 m-1.5 m high, showing a trapezoid shape. The length depends on the number of materials and the site. The stacking period is generally about 26 days, turning 4-5 times, and the time allocation is 7 days, 6 days, 5 days, 4 days and 4 days. The fermentation time is short, the material can not be completely mature, and the nutrient loss in the culture material is too large when the fermentation time is long. Other materials are added and combined with pile turning, the order is as follows: gypsum is added twice during the first and second turn, urea is added three times during the first and second turn, and lime is added at the third turn. Wheat bran, sugar and carbendazim are added after batch fermentation and before bagging. The color of the material pile is brown or brown, not black; the taste is mellow, without odor, sour and mildew; the material is soft and elastic; the volume is 40% smaller than the original, and the weight is about 30% less. Third, disinfect the mushroom house. The culture material was disinfected for the first time before entering the mushroom room and the second time after entering the mushroom room. In this way, the miscellaneous bacteria and pests in mushroom houses, bed frames and culture materials can be minimized. The specific method is: every 100 cubic meters of space, with 500 grams of sulfur, 100 grams of dichlorvos, 200 grams of formaldehyde, mixed with sawdust heating, sealed fumigation for 24 hours, and then open the doors and windows for ventilation, wait until the smell of medicine in the mushroom room dissipates before entering the operation. Fourth, cultivation management 1, pressing embryo or bagging. ⑴ mix: carbendazim is dissolved in a small amount of water, and added to the culture material with wheat bran, gradually add an appropriate amount of water, fully stir evenly, the water content in the culture material is about 60%, there is water between the fingers of the hand material, but not low as the degree, pH is 6.5-7, and then mix 10% of the bacteria. ⑵ pressing embryo or bagging: first lay a layer of plastic film soaked in 0.2% potassium permanganate solution on the cement floor, put a wooden frame mold with a length and width of 33 cm and a height of 8 cm on the film, then sprinkle the bacteria 1 cm thick, pour the culture material into the wood frame, flatten it slightly, and sprinkle 1 cm thick bacteria on the surface, so that the culture material is not exposed. Finally, scraping, compacting and loosening the frame mold with a wooden board. Form a strain embryo block with a thickness of 6 cm-7 cm, and finally fold the film. If you use a bag, first put the culture material mixed with seeds into the bag, then insert a hole in the center with a vertebral rod, and finally sprinkle a layer of bacteria 1 cm thick at both ends of the bag. 2. Management during mycelial culture. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was 25 ℃. During the period of mycelial growth, the relative humidity of the air is required to be 60% Mel 65%. Before the mycelium grows full, it is necessary to avoid lifting the film to prevent the infiltration of miscellaneous bacteria and help to keep warm. When the mycelium is full, turn the embryo on one side and continue to culture for 4-5 days. When about 40% of the surface mycelium turns brown, it can be put on the shelf to promote mushrooms. 3. Management during mushroom production. The optimum temperature for mushroom production is 12 ℃-18 ℃, and the temperature difference between day and night is large, which can promote the formation of mushroom fruiting body. The relative humidity of the air in the mushroom room is maintained at about 90%. The specific measures taken are to spray water on the floor and walls and spray in the air. The water content of the fungus should reach 50% Mel 60%. With the increase of culture time, the water content of the clot will gradually decrease, but the water cannot be sprayed directly on the fruiting body, otherwise the fruiting body is easy to rot. If the water content of the clot is less than 40% and the hand feels light, soak the clot in the pool for 15-20 hours to make it fully absorb enough water, then take it out and put it back on the shelf. Generally, 4-5 batches of mushrooms are collected until all the nutrients of the culture materials are exhausted. 4. Picking mushrooms. When the fruiting body grows to 70%-80%, it should be harvested in time. When harvesting, we should pay attention to the collection of large and small, the combination of collecting tubes, to prevent damage to the surrounding small mushrooms and bacteria, do not leave the base of the stalk on the fungus, so as not to affect the emergence of mushrooms. 5. Spray nutrient solution. ⑴ formula. No. 1 Jianzhuangsu: B90.5g, vitamin B140mg, urea 100g, water 100kg. No. 2: B91 g, vitamin B1100 mg, magnesium sulfate 50 g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 g, water 100 kg. How to use ⑵. After two crops of mushroom harvesting, after stopping water for 2-3 days, use No. 1 healthy element, spray 2-3 times continuously, and use 0.25% nutrient solution per square meter, which can make the hyphae turn white and thicker.