Outdoor substitute cultivation techniques of Lentinus edodes

Lentinus edodes is one of the important edible mushrooms, which was originally wild and was first cultivated in China more than 800 years ago. Substitute cultivation is to use sawdust, mulberry branch powder, cottonseed shell and other artificial mushroom wood instead of mushroom wood to cultivate Lentinus edodes. This method has the advantages of wide resources, high yield, short production cycle and high economic benefits, so it is very suitable for the cultivation of farmers.

1. Strain selection

There are many varieties of Lentinus edodes, and the commonly used one is medium and low temperature type. The optimum environmental conditions for this kind of Lentinus edodes are air temperature 24-27 ℃, water content of culture material about 60%, no light or weak light. The optimum environmental condition of the mushroom stage is that the temperature is 8-16 ℃, the air is fresh and humid, and the air is one-third positive and seven overcast. In the actual selection of bacteria, we can choose medium temperature type 856, CrO 2, L26 and so on. Each bottle of bacteria requires no miscellaneous bacteria, no pests, pure species, strong mycelium growth.

2. Preparation of culture materials

The composition of culture material includes sawdust, wheat bran or rice bran, sugar, gypsum powder, urea, calcium superphosphate and so on. Miscellaneous sawdust is the main carbon source of Lentinus edodes mycelium, which can be used from broad-leaf tree sawdust of sawmill or scraps of broad-leaved trees and branches; wheat bran or rice bran is the main nitrogen supply of Lentinus edodes, fresh materials without mildew should be selected; sugar is a quick carbon source for absorption and utilization of mycelium in the early stage of mycelial growth and development, both white sugar and brown sugar; gypsum powder can not only provide calcitonin, but also delay the acidification process of culture materials. Urea and calcium superphosphate are nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer respectively, providing nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and other nutrients. The formula of culture material is 77% of miscellaneous sawdust, 20% of wheat bran or rice bran, 1.2% of sugar, 1.8% of gypsum, or 78% of miscellaneous sawdust, 16% of wheat bran, 2% of corn meal, 2% of gypsum, 0.5% of superphosphate, 0.3% of urea and 1.2% of sugar. Soluble urea, calcium superphosphate and sugar are first dissolved in water, and other powdered materials are mixed together after dry mixing, adding water while mixing material, repeatedly. Add water to the hand kneading can form a ball, touch the degree of dispersion, at this time the water content is about 60%.

3. Sterilization

The low-pressure polyethylene cylinder film with broken diameter 15cm and thick 0.04mm is cut into 55cm long tube material and sealed at one end. Put the culture material into a plastic barrel bag, each bag weighs about 0.9kg (dry material), and then put it into the atmospheric pressure sterilization stove. Leave some space in the center of the stove to promote the uniform distribution of steam and improve the effect of sterilization. Heat up, when the temperature in the pot rises to 100 ℃, switch to a gentle fire, continue for 10 to 12 hours, then stop heating, and discharge when the temperature is reduced to about 70 ℃.

4. Inoculation

When the culture tube is cooled below 28 ℃, together with alcohol lamp, inoculation box, punch, inoculation rake and other inoculation tools, the surface of 0.25% bromogeramine solution is disinfected, and then moved into the inoculation box, formalin 10ml and potassium permanganate 5g are mixed per cubic meter, glass windows, operating holes and fumigation for half an hour can cause microbial cell protein to solidify and deteriorate and die. After that, the vaccinators scrubbed their hands with 75% alcohol, reached into the inoculation box while drilling holes while inoculating, and pasted the adhesive tape at the same time. This process requires fast action and short duration. Adhesive tape can be used for edible fungi or medical tape, the size is 3.5cm × 3.5cm.

5. Germ management

Move the inoculated material into a clean and dry room and stack it in the shape of a "well" with high 80~90cm. Usually open the window for ventilation, turn over the pile for 2 or 3 times, and remove some of the cylinder materials contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria. After 40-50 days, the mycelium grows all over the bag, which is then called "artificial mushroom wood". When a small amount of brown patches appear in most artificial mushroom trees, they can be transferred to mushroom production management.

6. Build a mushroom shed

Select the dry land or winter fallow land near the water source, dig a border with a depth of 1m 15~20cm, build a 30cm-high horizontal ladder-like mushroom frame and a small bow shed 1m high in the center, and then build a shade shed, which is generally 1.8m 2.5m high. The shade canopy is covered with grass curtains around and at the top of the shade shed to make it permeate three-thirds of the sunlight.

7. Take off the bag

Peel off the mature artificial mushroom wood, lean against the mushroom rack, each bag spacing about 10cm. And immediately cover the film (preferably 0.07mm thick agricultural high-pressure polyethylene film), heat preservation and moisture.

8. Mushroom production management

Within 3-4 days after taking off the bag, the air temperature in the film was maintained at about 26 ℃, and the air relative humidity was more than 85%. When the surface of the tube is covered with white fluffy hyphae, ventilate once or twice a day for half an hour, forcing the fluffy hyphae to lodge. After 1 week, small brown water droplets will be produced on the surface of the bacterial tube, the bacterial film will gradually thicken and the color will become darker. At this time, spray water to rinse the brown secretion, cover the film day and night, widen the temperature difference between day and night, last for 3-4 days, and grow small protuberances on the surface, namely mushroom buds. Lentinus edodes is a kind of variable temperature fruiting mushroom, and the mushroom bud can only be formed by low temperature and temperature difference between day and night. After that, we should continue to keep warm and moisturize, and strengthen the ventilation of the film, and the mushroom buds will grow up gradually. When the mushroom cover is eight minutes ripe, it is harvested and dried by the edge of a brass gong.

After each tide mushroom harvest, strengthen the ventilation, stop spraying water for 3-5 days, keep the bacteria alive, and then transfer to the mushroom production management, and the second tide mushroom can be harvested after about one month. After harvesting 2-3 tide mushrooms, poke a hole in the center of the artificial mushroom wood with iron wire, press heavy objects on the mushroom wood and soak in water. When the weight of the artificial mushroom wood is close to the original weight, the artificial mushroom wood is removed and the bacteria are kept in the film for 2 to 3 days to strengthen the ventilation of the film to promote the formation and growth of downtide mushrooms. This cycle was repeated until the end of May and June of the following year.

In the whole stage of mushroom emergence, high temperature burning and rotten materials should be prevented in early autumn and late spring, and attention should be paid to keeping warm and anti-freezing in winter, especially in the mushroom bud stage. in addition, pest control should be done well.