Comprehensive Prevention and treatment of Infectious Hepatitis in Dogs

Canine infectious hepatitis is an acute infectious disease caused by canine adenovirus infection, which mainly affects puppies under 1 year old, often causes acute necrotizing hepatitis, and is often mixed with canine distemper in clinic. The disease occurs almost all over the world, and it is a common canine infectious disease, but it is often ignored or misdiagnosed by breeders. Therefore, it is very important to take comprehensive prevention and treatment measures for the healthy development of the dog industry.

1 morbidity

A dog farmer in Zhaoyuan County bought 12 adult dogs from other places on July 16, 2003, including 8 St. Bernard dogs and 4 Great Dane dogs. It is not clear whether they are vaccinated against canine hepatitis. After it was introduced back, it was mixed with the original dogs without isolation and observation. On July 28, a St. Bernard became ill and died the next day; another St. Bernard and a Great Dane fell ill on July 30, and another St. Bernard fell ill on August 4.

2 clinical symptoms

The initial symptoms of sick dogs are very similar to canine distemper, characterized by depression, loss of appetite, increased thirst, vomiting and diarrhea. The abdominal circumference was enlarged, the touch fluctuated, the buckle diagnosis showed horizontal dullness, and the abdominal puncture removed a large amount of light red fluid. The body temperature rose to more than 40 ℃ and lasted for 3 to 5 days. There was pain in the sword-shaped cartilage of the diseased dog, and the corneal opacity disappeared after 3 days of treatment. Among the treated dogs, one dog had scrotal edema and another dog had blood in vomit and feces and died the next day.

3 pathological changes

The autopsy of dead dogs showed effusion in abdominal cavity, a layer of fibrin covering on the surface of mesentery and liver, hepatomegaly, light color, edema and hypertrophy of gallbladder wall, congestion of mesenteric lymph nodes and needle-sized bleeding spots on the surface of liver.

4 laboratory examination and diagnosis

4.1 the heart and liver of dead dogs were inoculated in common Agar medium 37 ℃ for 48 hours, and no bacterial growth was found.

4.2 after liver tissue frozen section fixation and alkaline fuchsin staining, histopathological examination showed that there were multinucleated giant fusion cells as intranuclear inclusion bodies in the liver nucleus, the nuclear membrane was thickened and thickly stained, and there was a transparent gap between the nuclear membrane and the inclusion body.

4.3 Comprehensive diagnostic analysis through the clinical symptoms, autopsy changes and laboratory tests of the above-mentioned diseased dogs, 4 dogs diagnosed as infectious hepatitis were diagnosed.

5 comprehensive prevention and control

5.1 Prevention and treatment

Through the diagnosis and treatment of the above three sick dogs and the analysis of the incidence and causes of early illness and death of dogs, according to the actual situation of epidemic prevention and control in the dog industry and our experience in animal epidemic prevention for many years, for dog owners, especially large-scale dog farms (households), we should mainly do the following four points in the prevention and control of dog disease.

① should strengthen feeding management, feed full-price formula feed and clean water regularly and quantitatively, and strengthen its disease resistance function. Do a good job in the kennel and dog self-hygiene, the kennel is well ventilated and the environment is kept clean; ② self-breeding, self-raising, reducing or putting an end to external epidemic diseases; ③ timely vaccination of relevant epidemic (bacterial) vaccines, which is the key measure to prevent infectious diseases; ④ timely isolation of sick dogs, separate feeding, early treatment; at the same time, emergency immunization of healthy dogs with epidemic (bacterial) vaccines related to the disease.

5.2 treatment

5.2.1 puncture drainage was performed on diseased dogs with more peritoneal effusion. But be careful not to drain it all at once, so as to avoid causing a sharp drop in abdominal pressure, causing abdominal visceral congestion and massive loss of fluid, and making sick dogs collapse. After the fluid was drained, the pioneer Ⅵ diluted by water for injection was injected into the abdominal cavity through the needle tube.

5.2.2 Oral diuretics were taken orally with aminopyrimidine (5mg) twice a day. Be careful in choosing other diuretics to prevent liver coma. When taking diuretics, attention should be paid to stress reactions such as anorexia, vomiting and dry mouth. If found, the dose can be reduced to daily 1.0~1.5mg for 3-4 days.

5.2.3 Blood transfusion therapy selected healthy and immunized dogs and sick dogs to carry out three-drop test and normal saline proportion experiment to find out the suitable blood type and give the sick dogs 40~60mL every day for 3 days.

5.2.4 fluid replacement therapy was injected intravenously with 5% glucose 1.0mL, normal saline 8~10mL, 10%Vc0.1~0.5mL, 2.5% VB6 0.1ml and Pioneer Ⅵ 0.2g per kg body weight, once a day for 3 days. Dogs with severe collapse can be injected with 0.5g hydrolyzed protein and intramuscular injection of insulin.

6 Summary

For dogs with infectious hepatitis, after the above treatment, about 4 days, the symptoms are significantly alleviated, then blood transfusion and fluid replacement can be stopped, but general methods should be taken for symptomatic treatment until recovery.

Practice has known that there is no other special effective treatment for infectious canine hepatitis. In the course of treatment, symptomatic drugs should be used according to clinical symptoms and with reference to blood indexes and changes of liver function. For dogs with severe diseases such as oliguria, hemorrhage and coma, adverse factors must be eliminated in time to prevent secondary infection of other diseases and serious consequences such as hypoglycemia and hemagglutination disturbance. It is necessary to buy time for the recovery of liver function and the regeneration of hepatocytes as soon as possible.