New technology of rearing silkworm scientifically

The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is a completely metamorphosed silk-spinning insect among the thermophilic animals. After four times of sleep and five instar periods of 26-28 days, the larvae ate more than 20 grams of mulberry leaves to mature silk cocoon, the cocoon was white, the weight was about 1.8-2.3g, the cocoon shell rate was 20-23%, the silk length was 1000-1400 meters, and the silk diameter was 2.63.2 points. Usually, there are 1.8-20000 silkworms in a piece of silkworm eggs, which need 50,600kg mulberry leaves and can produce 30-40kg silkworms. At present, the new scientific breeding techniques have the following five points.

(1) strict disinfection and disease prevention

Strict disinfection is the primary technical measure to prevent and control the occurrence of silkworm disease. Usually use bleach clarification solution containing 1% available chlorine or 3% formaldehyde solution to disinfect silkworm eggs in the first 7 days, keep room temperature at 25 ℃ for 30 minutes, the silkworm tools in the silkworm should be put out to spray the liquid, seal the doors and windows 2-3 days before sericulture and then ventilate. Zero-volume appliances such as silkworm webs can be boiled and sterilized with boiling water.

(2) concentrate on promoting green and warm species

Put the silkworm eggs out of the library in a suitable temperature and humidity environment so that the silkworms hatched according to the scheduled date is called green, also called warm species. Generally speaking, 2-3 leaves of mulberry leaves begin to urge the table. The centralized green room should be cleaned and sterilized thoroughly in advance, with a wooden green box with a length of 1m, a width of 0.35m and a height of 0.5m, the upper half of the box was drilled with a round hole of 1cm in diameter around the box, the bottom of the box was covered with non-toxic plastic sheet and loaded with 2-3cm thick wet sand, 40-50 mulberry eggs were hung vertically, covered and placed on the hot Kang, from 20 ℃ on the first day to the fifth day, and 25.5 ℃ on the seventh day to the 11th day to hatch. In the afternoon when I first saw several ant silkworms, they were covered with black cloth to shade the light, and the light-sensitive silkworms came out quickly in the morning of collecting ants. The humidity is 75% in the early stage and about 85% in the later stage.

(3) Co-rearing of ant-collecting young silkworms

In order to save labor and unify technical standards, it is best to concentrate on collecting ants and rearing young silkworms. The process of collecting newly hatched ant silkworms and starting to feed them with leaves is called ant collection. Spread Yuandu plastic sheet and sprinkle a layer of mulberry leaves on the disinfected silkworm, then press the eggs face down on the mulberry leaves. After 20 minutes, the ant silkworms climb onto the mulberry leaves, remove the egg paper and wait for the silkworms to come out tomorrow morning. The mulberry leaves are seated according to the size of the silkworm box. 1-2-year-old young silkworms are given mulberry 3-5 times a day with chopped tender green leaves, each time sprinkled evenly, covered with plastic sheeting, keeping 26-27 ℃, 3-year-old 25-26 ℃, 1-3-year-old dry humidity 80%, adding net to leaves before bedtime, adding net to some silkworms to sleep and feeding them, and removing the remaining silkworm droppings and residual leaves in silkworm foil. Disinfect and prevent disease with anti-stiff powder or fresh lime powder during sleep. After sleeping, add a net to the leaves to be tender, when the silkworms climb up to eat the leaves, carry the net and move the silkworms into a new empty box.

(4) dispersed rearing of large silkworms

4-5 instar silkworms can be reared in different families. The amount of mulberry eaten by large silkworms accounts for about 80%, and the weight is also 300-10000 times higher than that of ant silkworms. It is necessary to constantly split the foils and expand the seats, and to spread the overdense silkworms evenly, so as to prevent each other from crowding and catching diseases, and to ensure that all silkworms have enough mulberry. In order to save the time of picking leaves, we can combine cutting strips with mulberry leaves to raise mulberry leaves in the morning and evening, and use young leaves of late silkworms to increase the times of feeding mulberry and promote early maturity. The suitable temperature is 24-25 ℃ in 4-year-old, 23-24 ℃ in 5-year-old, and 70% humidity in 4-5-year-old.

(5) Cocoon formation on mature silkworms

At the end of the 5th instar, the green soft dung was reduced, the body gradually shrunk and became transparent, and the mature silkworms crawling and spinning should use new centipede clusters, folded clusters and firewood clusters, preferably with good quality of silkworm cocoons and less double cocoons. The silkworms should be released evenly on the top cluster. It is better to be sparse and marked sequentially, the initial cluster chamber is 25 ℃, the cocoon is 24 ℃, and the humidity is 75%. After cocooning, open the doors and windows to ventilate and dehumidify, making the cocoon color white. The light in the cluster room should be uniform to prevent mature silkworms from gathering. The mixed immature silkworms should be picked out and fed to the mature leaves and then clustered separately. On the 6th-7th day after pupation, the cocoons were collected according to the order of the upper clusters and stacked in a ventilated and cool place to prevent extrusion and fever. Cocoon drying and silk reeling should be done in time to prevent moths. Generally speaking, a good mulberry garden of 1 mu can raise 3 silkworms to produce 90-120 kg silk.