Prevention and treatment of raccoon dog big claw disease

In recent years, raccoon dog big claw disease began to be sporadic and endemic in most households in Zhaoyuan, Taikang and Xingkai Lake in Heilongjiang Province. In Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei and other provinces, some farmers have also become sick and epidemic one after another, resulting in greater economic losses. At first, it was mistakenly thought that it was caused by scabies mite infection, and all of them were treated with ivermectin or Doramectin, but not only failed to cure, but also died of raccoon dog poisoning due to drug overdose or repeated drug accumulation.

This paper gives a brief description of the disease in order to improve the understanding of each farm and master the technology of treatment and prevention.

1 pathogen

The pathogenic materials were collected for pathogen isolation and identification, and staphylococci were isolated from the diseased meat pad and toes of raccoon dogs with large claw disease, and the isolation rate was 100% (12). The physiological and biochemical identification showed that the colony was golden, produced hemolysin, positive coagulase test, decomposed mannitol, and rabbits could be killed by intravenous injection of liquid culture. Therefore, it is confirmed that Staphylococcus aureus is the pathogen of raccoon dog big claw disease.

2 Epidemiology

Young raccoon dogs are susceptible, with an incidence of more than 50%, and old raccoon dogs have an infection rate of 5% to 10%. In general, the disease began in June and lasted until the skin was removed. Both male and female raccoon dogs are easy to be infected and are obviously contagious. It first occurs sporadically, then spreads from near and far to the whole population, and finally forms an endemic epidemic.

3Clinical symptoms

After infection, raccoon dogs showed slow growth, dishevelled fur, dull luster, emaciation, anemia, and some chronic diarrhea. Ulcers or moss-like lesions are formed between the toes and on the meat pad, and the meat pad is swollen and hard or dry and bleeding, and there is a special stench in the lesion.

4 diagnosis

According to the characteristics of the lesion "big claw disease" is easy to diagnose, but should be distinguished from scabies mites. When scabies mites occur in the claws, dandruff and depilation can be seen in the lower limbs, itching, meat pad swelling is not obvious and scab.

5 prognosis of macroclaw disease

Staphylococcus aureus propagates in the local area of the lesion and can secrete hemolysin, leukocidin and enterotoxin. the toxin is absorbed into the bloodstream, resulting in anemia, chronic diarrhea and systemic toxemia. Therefore, if there is no timely treatment or mistreatment, the mortality rate of raccoon dogs is more than 20%. Even if they survive to the skin extraction stage, they can only get one residual skin because of their slow growth and small ontogeny.

6 treatment

Wash the affected area thoroughly with hydrogen peroxide, then apply drugs such as penicillin ointment, erythromycin ointment, iodoglycerin, fish tallow, etc., once a day for 5-7 days. Injection: penicillin, twice a day, 800000 IU each time for 3 days. Gentamicin, 80 000 IU twice a day for 3 days. Dexamethasone, once a day, 5mL each time, for 3 days. In addition, VA, Vc, VB1, VB2 and VB5 were supplemented in the feed.

7 Prevention

The supply of VA, VC and B vitamins should be ensured after raccoon dogs are weaned or reared in a single cage. In order to prevent infection caused by excessive friction of the meat pad, lay a piece of wood or cardboard on a corner of the cage net so that racoon dogs can rest on it. Maintain the good environmental hygiene of the animal farm and remove the feces on the bottom net in time. From July to September, the cage was disinfected at least once a week, and the sick racoon dogs were strictly isolated and raised and treated separately.