Prevention and treatment of deer disease: necrobacillus disease of deer

Deer necrobacillosis is a common chronic infectious disease of deer, which is characterized by the injury of hoof and necrosis of skin, subcutaneous tissue, oral and digestive tract mucosa and viscera.

1. The original pathogen of the disease is Clostridium necroticus, which is pleomorphic Gram-negative bacteria, the small ones are spherical and the big ones are filamentous. This bacteria is widely distributed in nature and can be found in animal farms, swamps and soil, as well as the oral cavity, intestinal tract and external reproductive tract of healthy animals. Is a strict anaerobes. This bacteria can produce exotoxin, can cause tissue edema, and its endotoxin can cause tissue necrosis. The bacteria is not resistant to physical and chemical factors. Both warm and commonly used disinfectants can be killed.

2. Epidemic characteristics under natural conditions, many kinds of livestock, poultry and wild animals are susceptible. Sika deer, red deer, water deer, moose and musk are all susceptible to wild animals, especially young deer. The disease is sporadic in autumn and winter and rarely occurs in spring and summer. Infection is mainly caused by skin injury. Young deer are endemic during the breeding period, especially in the hard ground, which is often infected by abrasion of the wrist and tarsal joints. After nesting transfer, young deer are injured and infected because of restlessness and violent jumping, and infection can also occur due to oral injury caused by tooth-growing period or eating rough fodder.

3. At the beginning of clinical symptoms, thermal painful swelling occurred in the heel and crown of the hoof, and hoof lobitis could be seen in some cases. Then appear suppuration, fester and necrosis, and spread to the deep, with the hoof crown swelling many small holes out of millet soup-like foul and smelly pus. Sometimes necrosis affects ligaments, joints, bones and hoof boxes. In severe cases, hoof boxes fall off and hoof bones are broken and claudication occurs. At the same time, it can also be found that the root of the tongue, the palate, and some start from the lips, and there are necrotic substances that firmly combine yellow and white with healthy tissue. Sometimes cracking occurs, and the necrotic performance is grayish green and dirty gray, and the necrotic focus gradually develops to the deep part, reaching to the bone. When the lesion is transferred to the internal organs, there are systemic symptoms, depression, drooping ears, poor appetite, like lying, and elevated body temperature. When there is a secondary infection, loss of appetite, rapid weight loss, shortness of breath and even death. Young deer due to umbilical cord wound infection, the course of disease is slightly longer, showing urination, mental tiredness, dishevelled coat. There is a cord-shaped induration or fist swelling in the umbilical cord, and the stench is like millet soup from the umbilical cord. When the young deer are infected by abrasion of the front of the wrist and the side of the tarsal joint, if they are not treated in time, they often turn to chronic process, causing hyperosteogeny, and even if they are cured, they also leave "Kaschin joint" or "claudication" sequelae.

4. the anatomical and pathological changes vary with the species and age of the deer. Most of the diseased deer carcasses are highly emaciated. The size and number of necrotic foci in the liver vary from small to large to the whole liver. Necrotic foci of different sizes are common in the first three stomach mucosa, pleural cavity and lung, and some occur suppurative pleurisy and suppurative fibrinous pneumonia. One side of pneumonia, and even most of the lungs rotted away, there is a special stench. The external lesions were hard swelling, ulceration and necrosis of the affected area. The subcutaneous blood vessels of the affected limb were full and rope-like, and the pressure was hard and solid, the heavy ones were bloated and filled with foul-smelling pus, and in the light ones, the crowns of hooves and bulbous skins were broken. Subcutaneous gelatinous infiltration or rubber legs. The necrotic bacilli died and disintegrated rapidly in the dead tissue, and the radial arrangement of bacteria could only be seen at the junction of disease and health.

5. According to the symptoms, epidemic characteristics and pathological changes, a preliminary diagnosis can be made. A thick saliva smear can be made from the mouth of the diseased deer, or the pathological smear can be scraped from the junction of disease and health around the focus for microscopic examination. In addition, it can also be confirmed by animal inoculation and isolation and culture.

6. Prevention (1) Prevention: avoid skin and mucosal damage, and do safety check on deer house and guarantee bar. Always keep the floor flat, the enclosure and the surrounding environment clean and dry. Disinfect regularly to prevent pollution of breeding and management appliances. When the young deer were born 3 ~ 5 days, the umbilical cord was examined and treated immediately when infection was found. Diseased deer were immediately isolated and treated. It is strictly forbidden to use isolation ring appliances and health in tandem. (2) Local treatment of ①. Thoroughly remove the necrotic tissue, drain the pus, expose the wound and create an aerobic condition to prevent the development of necrotic bacilli. Wash the affected area with 3% hydrogen peroxide or 1% potassium permanganate solution and spread iodoform boric acid; those with severe inflammatory swelling are externally smeared with fish gypsum ointment, streptomycin 500000 ~ 1 million units, 0.25% Novocaine 10ml, the affected limb is sealed. If the necrotic area is large, invading deep tissue or forming a fistula, 10% formalin alcohol or 10% 20% sulfonic tincture can be infused after removal of necrotic tissue and adequate washing. Excessive granulation growth can be spread with halogen powder. When necrotizing stomatitis occurs, rinse the mouth with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, then apply sulfoglycerol twice a day until cured. Hoof box off sick deer, anti-freezing in winter, bandage, put on deer shoes. ② whole body treatment. In the local treatment at the same time, with systemic therapy, control of secondary infection, prevent the primary focus of visceral metastasis, according to the isolated pathogenic bacteria drug sensitivity test, the selection of antibiotics, combined with symptomatic treatment.