Theoretical Analysis of Dog breeding

Basically, there are three mainstream breeding theories, namely, inbreeding (Inbreeding), systematic reproduction (Linebreeding) and different systematic reproduction (Out-crossing/Out-breeding). But it should be noted that no matter which breeding theory is used, the same purebred dog must be used for breeding before it can be called purebred dog breeding.

Need to know before reproduction

Before deciding which theory to use for dog breeding, you should pay attention to:

(1) balance of advantages and disadvantages, that is, to balance the advantages and disadvantages of male and female dogs used for breeding. If both male dogs and female dogs have the same shortcomings, they should avoid mating with these two dogs. At least among the male and female dogs used for breeding, there must be a certain advantage that is the disadvantage of the other dog in order to complement each other (Compensation).

For example, if the standard of the breed requires small ears, and the male dog used for breeding has larger ears, but the female dog has small ears, they can mate with them. however, if both female dogs and male dogs have big ears, the offspring will still have big ears, so these two dogs should not be selected for breeding.

However, when you cannot find two dogs that can balance all the advantages and disadvantages, you need to know how to choose. For example, if the standard of a dog breed is to have both ears upright, but the ears of the dogs used for breeding are drooping, you should avoid breeding with these two dogs. On the contrary, if this disadvantage is not a major disadvantage for the dog breed, the two dogs should be used in this optional environment, so the balance of advantages and disadvantages is based on the wisdom of the breeders and their understanding of breeding.

(2) correctly, a purebred dog will have a pedigree certificate (Pedigree), which will write down the registered names of the previous generations of the dog. In fact, if this pedigree book is correct, it can not only prove the dog's identity, but also help to analyze whether its own pedigree has special advantages and disadvantages. For example, the pedigree certificate shows that the dog was bred around the male VA1 and the female VA2, so it is necessary to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the two dogs themselves and the pedigree of the dogs bred by the breeders who breed the two dogs. If the breed of 1 and 2 needs small ears, although the offspring of 1 and 2 are good dogs, when the ears are a little bigger, it is necessary to mate with the offspring of 1 and 2. Shou can make up for the deficiency of the first and second generations. After understanding the above two points, you can decide what method to use to breed dogs.

What is inbreeding (breeding)

The so-called inbreeding is in the breeding combination, the pedigree relationship is very similar, such as father with daughter, son with mother, brother and sister with the same father and mother, half brother and sister mating (one is male dog and female dog have the same father but different mother, the other is the same mother but different father). In the above combinations, the consanguinity of siblings of the same father and mother is the closest, because theoretically, the heredity of dogs with the same father and mother is the same.

"the better the better, the worse the worse."

"the better the better, the worse the worse" is a major feature of inbreeding; in inbreeding, because the blood relationship between the female dog and the male dog is very close, when they mate, all their genetic factors will be strengthened and purified. In this case, it is possible that in a litter of puppies, a dog can show all the advantages of its own blood line in its heredity, which is called "the better the better". But relatively speaking, good heredity can be concentrated, and so can bad heredity, so there is also a chance of a dog that has all the bad points in one body and does not look like that breed.

What is good and what is bad?

This is actually determined by the standard of the breed. For example, German shepherds should have firm and erect ears, so if their offspring have a pair of erect ears, this is an excellent genetic factor. On the contrary, because the ears of Bulldog need to be separated and twisted backward, then if the ears of their offspring are straight, it is very bad for this breed, so it is very bad for any method of breeding. Are based on the standards of the dog breed, understand the standards of different breeds, you can know what is good and what is bad. In inbreeding, the advantages and disadvantages are all concentrated together, so in theory, among the puppies born to the same father and the same mother, there are three groups of probabilities: one group focuses on the advantages, one group has half the advantages and disadvantages, and the other group focuses on the disadvantages. in this case, it will be found that "the better the better, the worse the worse" is equal.

In order to avoid genetic diseases caused by worse and worse and inbreeding, the German Dog Association (SV) stipulates that breeding is prohibited within the third generation of blood lines (paternal, grandfather and great-grandfather) on the back of the pedigree certificate.