Management techniques before and after picking in Jujube Orchard

1. Management and protection before picking

1. Prevent falling dates. Jujube trees enter the mature stage to pre-harvest stage, in case of strong wind and heavy rain, often cause jujube fall, so for jujube trees with more fruit, it is necessary to do a good job of fixing the pole, strengthen the tree body fixation and reduce the fallen jujube caused by the strong wind.

two。 Adjust the partial crown. For jujube trees with partial crown, the branches in the chamber and overgrown branches can be pulled out to fill the space in order to adjust the partial crown and enlarge the fruiting part.

3. Draw a hoe to conserve soil moisture. Before harvest, the plots with particularly poor soil moisture in the jujube orchard still need to be watered in time.

4. Prevention and control of diseases. Before harvest, the main diseases of jujube trees are ring rot, soft rot, black spot, fruit shrinkage and so on. For the jujube orchard with disease, the diseased fruit on the tree should be removed as soon as possible, the fallen fruit should be picked up, the diseased leaves and fallen leaves on the ground should be swept away, the chance of mutual infection of bacteria should be reduced, and 70% ethyl phosphorus, aluminum, manganese and zinc solution or 1200 times solution of bacteriomycin should be sprayed to prevent and cure the disease. From fruit coloring to mature picking period, the last generation of jujube armyworm larvae were trapped by binding grass at the bifurcation of the jujube tree trunk. The next year, the fruit was colored to remove the straw handle before adult Eclosion in the mature picking stage, and the insect source was reduced.

5. Harvest in time. In order to ensure the flavor and commodity value of jujube, it must be harvested at the right time. When picking jujube fruit, pick it gently to reduce the wound, so as to avoid mildew and rot caused by germs. The jujube which is ready for storage and preservation can be picked in advance from the later stage of white ripening to the time when the whole jujube is red.

Second, management and protection after picking

1. Spray fertilizer on the leaves. Immediately after picking, the jujube tree was foliar sprayed with a mixture of 0.3%-0.5% urea and 0.4%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to supplement the nutrient deficiency after fruit picking, avoid premature defoliation, improve photosynthetic efficiency in the later stage, and increase the accumulation of nutrients in the tree body. promote flower bud differentiation.

two。 Re-apply base fertilizer. Base fertilizer can be applied from the harvest of jujube fruit to before defoliation, but it is usually in the middle of October. In general, from the growth and fruiting stage to the full fruiting stage, big trees apply 50-80 kg of organic fertilizer, 0.3-0.5 kg of urea and 1.0-1.5 kg of calcium superphosphate, which should be combined with soil ploughing and planing in jujube orchard.

3. Ploughing and turning the soil. Ploughing the garden before soil freezing can not only improve the soil structure and promote root growth, but also turn the fallen leaves, residual fruits and weeds on the ground into the soil, and turn the overwintering peach heart borer, jujube armyworm, jujube step and other pests to the surface and be eaten or frozen to death by birds. Implement the jujube forest of jujube-grain intercropping, turn the soil between the plants and under the canopy deeply; those who do not carry out jujube-grain intercropping should be ploughed in the whole orchard. The depth of turning the garden should be 15cm to 25cm. The closer to the trunk, the shallower the ploughing should be, the farther away from the trunk, the deeper the ploughing.

4. Control diseases and insect pests. After defoliation, spraying 3-5 Bomedo stone sulfur mixture plus 200-fold solution of pentachlorophenol sodium can eradicate some overwintering bacteria and pests.