Selection and cultivation of Tree structure in Peach Orchard

The cultivation of peach trees in northern China is mainly cup-shaped, with one or three large lateral branches on each main branch, with different 30~70cm, backbone branch angle of 30-80 °, tree height of 2-4m, and different planting methods. Generally speaking, there is a lack of more appropriate standards. In recent years, the author has investigated the peach orchards in Pinggu, Mancheng and Leting in Hebei Province, and put forward the following opinions on the tree structure of Taoyuan for reference.

1 selection of tree structure in peach orchard

1.1 planting method

Take the plant row spacing of 2.0~2.5mx5.0~7.0m.

The main results are as follows: (1) the dry height 60cm can be slightly lower in barren land, and the tree height is not more than 2.5m before fruit harvest and 3.0m after winter cutting. (2) the number of backbone branches is 2, the tree shape is the open heart shape of two main branches, the branch group is directly planted on the main branch, and the angle between the branch group and the main branch is more than 75 °. In this way, the distance between the backbone branches is basically the same as the plant distance, which eliminates the invalid triangle and is beneficial to improve the yield and quality of the fruit. (3) the angle of backbone branches is 45-60 °before harvest and 40-50 °after winter cutting.

2. Cultivation of tree structure.

2.1 fixed drying and post-drying management

The main results are as follows: (1) 70-80cm, it is better to have 4 or 5 full buds above 50cm. (2) erase the excess buds in time after germination. (3) when the new shoot grows to 20cm, two new shoots with good base angle and consistent growth are selected as the main branches, and the rest are coring. For the varieties with more upright tree posture, the shoot of the first bud is not the main branch when it is dried, and the heart is picked in time in order to open the angle of the new shoot below.

2.2 shaping and pruning

The main results are as follows: (1) the winter shears adopt the pruning method of "one tightening, two loosening and three throwing" to deal with the lengthening head of the main branch. That is, in the first year, the winter shearing should be relatively heavy, 30-50cm for small growth, 50-70cm for large growth, and the diameter of shearing should be greater than 1cm; in the second year, it should be relatively light, so that the opening angle of soil branches should be 45-60 °; when the middle line between rows is insufficient, the extension of the first end to the middle line between rows can be gently cut to the accessory shoot fruit branches; in the third year, it is generally taken to throw or cut to the fruit branches of the auxiliary shoots, and the spacing between the two rows can be maintained more than 100 °after cutting. (2) Summer shearing is mainly to erase excess shoots and control upright shoots and competitive shoots. When the upright shoots and competitive shoots grow to more than 20 °, the 15-20cm coring is left, so that the resulting branches form a flat oblique branchlet group.

2.3 pulling branches

The main results are as follows: (1) in August of the year of planting, the two main branches were pulled between the two rows and fixed, so that the two main branches were in the same vertical plane as far as possible, and the opening angle of the main branches was 40 °. (2) pull the main branch to 45 °in the first ten days of August of the second year. After 3 years of shaping, pruning and branch pulling, the basic tree structure is built.