Key points of cultivation and Seedling cultivation of Sweet (Hot) Pepper in Open Field

I. Variety selection

This cultivation form is suitable to choose varieties with strong growth potential, disease resistance and heat tolerance, such as sweet pepper such as Jiyan 6, Jiyan 4, Zhongjiao 4, pepper such as Jize pepper, Wangdu pepper and so on.

Second, the method of raising seedlings must be adopted.

Direct seeding, due to extensive management, resulting in irregular seedling growth or lack of seedlings broken ridges, the growth period is short, more than 40 days later than the seedling transplanting period, the plant is short, and the seedling quality is poor. If the virus disease occurs in a big year, the disease is prevalent, and the yield is seriously reduced or even wiped out. When using seedling legal planting, most of the seedlings have buds, which can ensure that the plants can grow effectively in the suitable season, that is, blossom and bear fruit quickly, obtain the harvest, and before the arrival of the hot summer season, it can quickly close the ridge and improve the heat resistance. reduce the occurrence of diseases, especially conducive to the inhibition of virus diseases, so as to achieve the purpose of early maturity, high yield and disease resistance, and save land and seeds.

Third, sowing seeds

According to the local seedling site, conditions and planting period, as well as most of the seedlings reached the standard of showing buds, the sowing time was determined. The seedling age is about 70 days. In the middle and south of Hebei Province, the seeds are usually sown in the solar greenhouse in February.

Seed disinfection before sowing: after soaking the seeds in 55 ℃ warm water for 20 minutes, soaking the seeds with 1% copper sulfate for 5 minutes, the occurrence of anthracnose, bacterial spot and blight can be prevented, then rinse with clean water, and then soak the seeds with 2% sodium hydroxide or 10% trisodium phosphate for 15 minutes, which can passivate the activity of the virus, prevent the occurrence of the virus disease, rinse the seeds with clean water and soak the seeds at room temperature for 4 hours. After soaking the seeds, remove and dry the seeds, put them at 25 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ to accelerate germination, rinse them with clean water in the morning and evening, and sow seeds after budding. Without sprouting in some places, the soaked seeds can be washed and sowed. In the process of accelerating germination, in addition to paying attention to the turning and flushing of the seeds, the wrapping should not be too strict. It can sprout in 4 or 5 days.

4. Raising seedlings

The seedlings were raised by land border. In order to reduce the chance of disease transmission, the seedling area should be increased without dividing the seedlings at the seedling stage. According to every 15 square meters of seedling bed, 100 kilograms of rotten organic fertilizer and 1.5 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer were applied, mixed evenly with the soil, and poured sufficient bottom water before sowing. In order to prevent seedling diseases, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 100 times solution was used to disinfect the seedling bed, 0.5 kilograms per square meter, and then row sowing according to 7 cm row spacing, covering soil 1 cm after sowing, covering with plastic film.

Seedlings were raised in plastic bowls. Preparation of nutritious soil: 50% of fertile surface sandy loam soil without eggplant fruit vegetables, 50% of rotten and sifted barnyard manure, 0.5 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per cubic meter, 50% carbendazim 80g 100g or Luheng No.1 5g. After mixing the material, mix the soil and fertilizer evenly, then install a nutrition bowl, pour through the bottom water before sowing, direct broadcast with the seeds that have already budded, and time seedlings after the cotyledons of the seedlings are spread out.

V. Seedling management

To avoid overcrowding of seedlings, start from 1 leaf and 1 heart, divide seedlings and seedlings in time, fix seedlings with 3 leaves and 1 heart, hole distance 5 cm, to ensure adequate nutritional area. Combined with spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.1% urea + 0.2% zinc sulfate mixed fertilizer solution, in order to promote flower bud differentiation and improve plant disease resistance, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.1% urea + 0.2% zinc sulfate was sprayed in 2 true leaves, 3 true leaves and 7 days before planting.

The temperature should be controlled in stages, and the soil temperature can be maintained at 28 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ or even 32 ℃ after sowing. When the seedlings were arched in the soil, it was decreased to 27 ℃ ~ 28 ℃, and the lowest soil temperature at night of 18 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ could promote seedling emergence. After the seedlings were unearthed, the highest temperature should be maintained at 23 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ in the daytime, and gradually decreased from 20 ℃ to 15 ℃ ~ 17 ℃ at night. The temperature should be reduced gradually from 7 to 10 days before planting, and the seedlings were tempered at low temperature. the temperature could drop to 18 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ in daytime and 10 ℃ ~ 12 ℃ at night.

Adequate bottom water should be provided before sowing and transplanting, and proper soil temperature should be maintained. After transplantation, it is necessary to look at the seedling to replenish water, and the sunny day should be carried out before noon. It is particularly important to pay attention not to affect the soil temperature due to water replenishment in the later stage of seedling cultivation.

VI. problems that should be paid attention to in seedling management.

1. Seedling growth: especially during the period from two cotyledons spreading to the broken heart of true leaves, it is the easiest period for seedlings to grow. During this period, temperature and water must be strictly controlled.

2. Seedling disease: the temperature should not be too high, the soil moisture and air humidity should not be too high, otherwise, sudden fall disease and blight disease are very easy to occur. Control measures: after 75% of the seedlings are unearthed, spray 50% carbendazim 500 times or 64% alum wettable powder 500 times or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times, sterilization and disease prevention, spray once in the next 7-10 days. Timely ventilation to prevent diseases caused by humidity and high temperature in the seedbed.

3. Insect pests: when a large number of underground pests such as grubs and mole crickets occur in the seedbed, they cause harm and cause dead seedlings. Prevention and control measures: 1000 times of dichlorvos EC can be used to irrigate the soil surface of the seedling bed to control grubs; 50 times of phoxim EC can be mixed with 50 times of phoxim EC to crush fried bean cakes and wheat bran to make poison bait, which can kill mole cricket on the soil surface of the seedling bed.

4. air-dried dead seedlings: unventilated seedlings, long-term humidity in the space, the seedling bed ventilation, cold air direct convection, and the mulch is blown away by the strong wind, the air temperature and humidity suddenly drop, resulting in too much water loss of tender leaves, and cause wilting, if wilting for too long, the leaves can not recover, and finally become green and dry.

Prevention and control measures: when the seedbed is ventilated, the tuyere should be opened on the side of the shelter, and the ventilation rate should be from small to large, so that the seedlings can adapt to the windy weather and pay attention to keep the cover from being blown away by the wind.