Breeding and Application of Tianfengyou 269, a New Indica Hybrid Rice combination with High yield, good quality and Multi-resistance

1 selection and breeding process

Tianfengyou 269 (formerly Yanyou 269), a new three-line indica hybrid rice combination with high yield, high quality and multi-resistance, was bred by Jiangsu Coastal Institute of Agricultural Sciences using Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Yanhui 269, a self-breeding restorer line of our institute. Yanhui 269, a self-breeding restorer line, used Yanhui 559 as female parent and Yanhui 469 (intermediate material of our institute) as male parent in the summer of 1995. 26 hybrids were obtained. In the same year, P1 was planted and mixed seeds were planted in Sanya, Hainan. In the summer of 1996, when P2 was planted in our institute, there were many population segregation types, such as large spike and many grains, high seed setting rate, good late ripening phase, and 10 excellent individual plants were selected. In the same year, P1 lines were planted in Sanya, Hainan, and excellent individual leaves were selected. In the summer of 1997, P4 lines were planted in our institute, 8 excellent individual plants were selected, and 3 excellent individual plants were selected in Sanya, Hainan Province in the winter of the same year. In the summer of 1998, 5 excellent individual plants were selected in our plant line nursery, 5 excellent single plants were selected in our plant line nursery in the summer of 1999, and in the summer of 2000, the characters were neat and consistent, and Yanhui 269 was basically stereotyped. In the winter of 2000, Shihui lines were planted in Sanya, Hainan, and artificial seed production was carried out. In the summer of 2001, Yanyou 269 showed outstanding yield, resistance and other comprehensive characters when it entered the identification nursery of new hybrid rice combinations in our institute. In 2002, Yanyou 269 participated in the variety comparison test of the new hybrid rice combination of our institute, which also showed the characteristics of high and stable yield, moderate ripening period, good rice quality and strong disease resistance. Yanyou 269 participated in the regional test and production test of hybrid indica rice in Jiangsu Province from 2003 to 2005. In January 2006, it was approved and named by Jiangsu crop Variety approval Committee (Tianfengyou 269). In June 2006, the Ministry of Agriculture declared the protection of the right of new plant varieties.

2 yield performance

In 2002, we took part in the variety comparison test of the new hybrid rice combination of our institute, and the average yield per mu was 635.5kg, which was 12.60% higher than that of Shanyou 63. Participated in the regional trial of hybrid indica rice in Jiangsu Province from 2003 to 2004, the average yield per mu in two years was 558.4kg, which was 5.0% higher than that of Shanyou 63. In 2005, he took part in the production experiment of hybrid indica rice in Jiangsu Province, and the average yield per mu was 460.0kg, which was 12.1% higher than that of Shanyou 63.

While participating in the provincial intermediate trial, Tianfengyou 269 conducted a multi-point demonstration trial in production, with a general yield of about 650kg per mu and a yield potential of about 750kg. For example, in 2005, Yanyou 269 demonstration square, Shangzhuang Town, Yandu District, covers an area of 35 mu, with an average yield of 630.5kg per mu, which is 11.5% higher than that of the adjacent field Shanyou 63.

(3) characteristics

Tianfeng you 269 seedlings are short and strong, the coleoptiles are short and light purple, the leaves are short and stiff, the leaf color is light green, the tillering ability is medium and strong, the tillering occurs early and concentrated, and there are many tillers at low nodes. The adult plant type is moderate, the plant height is about 115cm, the main stem has 17-18 leaves in a lifetime, the upper three functional leaves are straight, the posture of light is good, the flag leaves are raised with grass cover at maturity, and the stalk green seeds are yellow and ripe. The effective panicle is about 160000 per mu, the panicle type is larger, the panicle length is about 25cm, the total grain per panicle is more than 180grains, the filled grains per panicle is about 150grains, the seed setting rate is more than 85 per cent, and the 1000-grain weight is 26,27g. The grain is yellow, the plumpness is good, the rice grain is full, the transparency is good, the confidant is white, the rice quality is good, the palatability is good. According to the test of rice and products quality supervision, inspection and testing center of the Ministry of Agriculture in 2004: Brown rice rate 81.0%, milled rice rate 72.4%, head rice rate 63.0%, grain length 7mm, length-width ratio 3.2%, chalkiness rate 33%, chalkiness 3.3%, transparency grade 2, alkali elimination value grade 5, gel consistency 60mm, amylose content 23.18%, physicochemical score 53. The results of inoculation and identification by Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2003 showed that it was resistant to bacterial blight JS49-6 (grade 1), moderately resistant to bacterial blight Zhejiang 173 and PX079 (3 poles), moderately susceptible to bacterial blight KS-6-6 (5 poles), and was immune to six physiological races ZB5, ZC5, ZD5, ZE3, ZF1 and ZG1, all of which were grade 0. High resistance to panicle neck blast (grade 1), medium resistance to sheath blight (0.1713), medium resistance to stripe blight (MR), and strong lodging resistance. According to the records of each trial, Yanyou 269 had strong resistance in the field. Tianfengyou 269 is used as medium rice carrying culture for wheat stubble in Jiangsu Province, and the whole growth rate is 140 to 150 days, which is similar to Shanyou 63. Tianfengyou 269 belongs to the type of mid-mature indica three-line hybrid rice with good crop adaptability and can be planted under the condition of middle and upper fertilizer and water in Jiangsu Province and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

4 cultivation techniques

Tianfengyou 269 is a heavy panicle variety, and the cultivation strategy for high yield should be "strive for full panicle, focus on large panicle, improve seed setting rate and gain high yield by 1000-grain weight". Measures to promote early onset, lay the foundation of panicle; stable seedlings and healthy plants in the middle stage, promote the formation of large spike; root and protect leaves in the later stage, improve seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight.

4.1 sowing at the right time, cultivating strong seedlings and planting single-cropping rice in Jiangsu Province, usually sowing in the first and middle of May. The seeding amount per mu of water-raised seedlings was 25~30kg, the sowing amount of dry-raised seedlings per mu was 35~40kg, the amount of seeds used in field was 1.2~1.5kg per mu, and the seedling age was 30-35 days. The seedling field should apply sufficient basic fertilizer, early weaning fertilizer, skillfully apply marriage fertilizer, and cultivate more tillers and strong seedlings.

The planting density is 1.8 ~ 20000 holes / mu, and 1 / 2 seedlings are planted in each hole. The average row spacing of foot seedlings is about 13cm × 25cm. The row spacing of sparse plants in fertilizer bed is 15cm × 30cm, with 2 seedlings per hole and 70 ~ 80 000 basic seedlings per mu.

4.3.Scientific application of fertilizer to promote early seedling development and high yield cultivation of 650kg in Tianfengyou 269mu, the total fertilizer requirement of Honda is equivalent to pure nitrogen 15~18kg, and the suitable ratio of base, tiller and panicle fertilizer is 5 ∶ 3 ∶ 2. Fertilizer operation strategy: ① applies sufficient base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. On the basis of straw returning to the field, pig barnyard manure 200~300kg, urea 10kg and diammonium phosphate 8kg were applied per mu of base fertilizer, and potassium chloride 5~7kg was increased per mu of potassium deficiency field. ② re-applied tiller fertilizer. Applying urea 10kg / mu 5 ~ 6 days after planting for 7 days and then applying urea 10kg per mu to ensure the expected number of tillers 20 days after planting. Then put the field to control the seedlings, and control the peak seedlings not to exceed 250000 per mu. ③ applied panicle fertilizer early. By leaving the field, after the leaf color faded, urea 8~10kg was applied per mu 4-5 days before panicle differentiation, which not only partially shaken the tiller, increased the panicle rate, but also provided sufficient nutrition for young panicle differentiation. 8-10 days after the first panicle fertilizer was applied, urea 5kg was applied per mu, and no more fertilizer was applied in principle to ensure that the leaf color faded before heading.

4.4 good management of water slurry and coordination of group water slurry management should adopt the principle of "planting seedlings in shallow water, living trees in an inch of water, tillering in thin water, water retention, heading and flowering, and alternating dry and wet grouting". Shallow water irrigation in the early stage promotes early development, dry and wet alternately in the middle stage, strong stalks and strong roots are achieved alternately in the middle stage, and moist irrigation is mature until old in the later stage. It is required to send full panicle seedlings 20 days after planting, that is, when the tiller reaches 160000 per mu, it should be drained in time for 2 to 3 days, then dry in shallow water for 3 to 5 days, leave the field for 3 to 5 days after natural drying, and then dry and wet alternately to booting, keep shallow water layer from booting to flowering stage, dry and wet alternately after full heading, and be dehydrated 5 days before harvest.

4.5 Control of diseases and insect pests and pay close attention to the forecast of diseases and insect pests during the period of seedling protection and panicle growth. The seedling field should focus on the control of rice thrips, aphids, planthoppers and other diseases and insect pests; during the Honda period, we should focus on the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests such as the first and second generations of Chilo suppressalis, Rice planthopper and sheath blight, so as to ensure the normal growth of rice seedlings and ensure the normal growth of rice seedlings.

5 key points of seed production and propagation

5.1Dianfeng A breeding male parent was divided into two stages, the first stage male parent was 3 days later than the female parent, and the second stage male parent was 7 days later than the female parent; the ratio of parents to parents was 2 ∶ 8: 10, and other management measures were similar to those of Longtepu A.

5.2 days Fengyou 269 seed production male parent was divided into two stages, the first stage male parent sowed at the end of April, the second stage male parent sowed 10 days later than the first stage male parent, the sowing difference between the female parent and the first stage male parent was 30 days, the leaf difference was 6.06.5 leaves, and the ratio of parents to rows was 2 ∶ 12 14. Other management measures are the same as Teyou 559.