Key points of cultivation techniques of Upland Rice

Upland rice, usually cultivated directly in dry land, is especially suitable for planting in low-lying land, does not need water layer in life, and depends entirely on natural rainfall or rice cultivation supplemented by appropriate irrigation when drought occurs to a certain extent. The way of planting management is similar to that of @ # @ 245cm.

The key points of upland rice cultivation techniques are as follows: one is to sow to protect the whole seedling, the second is to control weeds in the field, and the third is that various cultivation techniques must be matched.

First, the selection of varieties. In order to obtain higher yield of upland rice, varieties suitable for dry cultivation must be selected. The requirements are as follows: the growth period of ⑴ is moderate, and the number of growth days is usually 10-15 days shorter than that of the local main rice varieties; ⑵ has strong soil strength at the top of young buds to facilitate rapid emergence and consistent growth; ⑶ has strong drought tolerance and can grow normally under relatively dry conditions; ⑷ has strong disease resistance, especially resistance to rice blast and flax leaf spot; ⑸ has good yield and good rice quality. At present, the main upland rice varieties suitable for planting in Liaoning are Danjing 8, Dan Handao 1, Hannuo 3 and so on.

Second, land selection and land preparation. Select low-lying land prone to waterlogging, intermountain infiltration fields or dry or paddy fields with good water and fertilizer conservation, moderate softness and ph below 7.5 under certain irrigation conditions. The quality of land preparation must be of high standards and strict requirements, reaching the level of the ground, broken soil, no light and dark clods, and no stubble. Autumn ploughing (or raking) spring rotary ploughing is better for soil preparation. Plots that have been changed from paddy fields to upland rice must be ploughed and raked in autumn last year to prevent large clods of soil when sowing.

Third, sow seeds at the right time. In order to ensure a single sowing to protect the whole seedling, the seeds were carefully selected before sowing or mixed with seed coating agent or methyl isosinophos, so as to prevent the harm of underground pests. The sowing time is the same as the local corn. The sowing rate is 7.5 kg / mu. The sowing method is generally flat strip sowing, row spacing 30 cm, sowing after trenching, ditch depth 5 cm, sowing width 6 cm, covering soil thickness 2 cm. Press (tread) when sowing and after covering the soil. Mechanical serialization may be carried out in areas where conditions permit.

Fourth, re-apply base fertilizer. In order to grow upland rice, we must master the principle of heavy application of base fertilizer and auxiliary topdressing. The base fertilizer is generally 2000 kg / mu, and after ditching, 25-30 kg / mu of ternary compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, 30 kg / mu of long-acting ammonium bicarbonate (or 15 kg / mu of urea) and 2 kg / mu of multi-element fertilizer are applied. When centralized fertilization, seeds and chemical fertilizer should not be in direct contact, separated by the application of soil. In areas where conditions permit, full-layer fertilization can be carried out in combination with rotary tillage. Topdressing depends on the situation, and urea 7.5-10 kg / mu at the tillering stage according to the growth trend. For late-maturing plots, potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed every 7 days after heading, with a dosage of 0.2 kg / mu (30 kg of water), usually twice. Urea 1 kg / mu can be added when potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed on the land desalinated in the later stage.

Fifth, water management. In addition to the use of natural rainfall and groundwater in low-lying areas, there is generally no irrigation. In case of severe drought, artificial irrigation should be subsidized, and the times and amount of irrigation should depend on soil water content and water requirement of upland rice. Except that the soil moisture should be irrigated because of the soil drought before sowing, there is generally no irrigation at the seedling stage. After tillering, when the rice plant rolls its leaves or wilts due to drought, it should be watered in time. The water requirement of rice plant at panicle differentiation stage, heading stage and filling stage is large, and it is sensitive to water, which is also an important period for determining yield and rice quality. Generally, irrigation for 2-3 times during the peak period of water demand for upland rice can increase the yield by 20-30%, and the chalkiness rate is reduced.

Sixth, control weeds. The key to the success or failure of upland rice production is to control weeds in the field. According to the species and base number of weeds, different herbicide formulations were selected, generally applied twice, and the first time was soil closure, that is, 0.3 kg / mu of butachlor and 0.3 kg / mu of nongsitar plus 50 g / mu of DMTC were used before sowing (usually about 7 days after sowing). Spray 75 kg of water (the amount of water must be increased when the soil is dry, which is an important link to determine the sealing effect of the chemical, which should be paid great attention). In order to improve the sealing effect of the chemical, it is necessary to crush the surface soil before spraying after sowing in order to facilitate the formation of the drug film. The second time was weed stem and leaf treatment. When barnyardgrass 2 leaves emerged, butachlor 0.2 kg / mu and barnyardkilling king 25 g / mu were used after sunny day, or butachlor 0.2 kg / mu plus barnyardgrass 1.5 kg / mu. Spray 50 kg of water (plots with a small number of weeds over the years may not be sprayed for the second time). If necessary, manual weeding should be used.

7. Prevention and control of diseases and pests. Seed coating agent or seed dressing with methyl isosinophos should be used to control underground pests (especially in low-lying areas). After emergence, if there is mole cricket harm, you can use trichlorfon 0.25 kg / mu plus fine fluvo-aquic soil 20 kg, mix well and sprinkle on the surface. About 3 days before the break of rice ear, dt fungicide (also known as copper succinate and carbendazim) was sprayed with 0.1kg / mu to 40 kg of water, or from 5 days before the break of rice ear to heading stage, 50 g / mu of 12% false smut was sprayed to 40 kg of water. The control of other diseases and insect pests is the same as that of rice.