Integrated Technique of Cotton Pre-weight Simplified Cultivation

Cotton pre-weight simplified cultivation integration technology is a new technology developed to solve the problems in cotton production, such as high labor intensity, many management links, high production cost and so on. The so-called pre-heavy type means that most of the work of cotton management is put in the early stage of growth, and the possible problems are put into prevention in the early stage, changing the past three minutes and seven minutes into seven minutes and three minutes; the so-called simplified cultivation is to remove unnecessary links in the traditional practices of cotton management and simplify operating procedures; the so-called integrated technology is to integrate the operation technology into a set of technical system and programmed operation. This technology has strong maneuverability and can achieve the remarkable effect of saving cost and increasing efficiency.

I. Technology Core

Six to six is the core of this technology, that is, changing multi-variety flower arrangement into a leading variety in a county, laying the foundation for high yield and high quality (selecting suitable varieties according to the region); changing multiple operations to one machine (finishing fine sowing of coated cotton seeds, plastic film mulching and herbicide spraying); changing multiple fertilization to one fertilization (one-time basic application of formula fertilizer); changing dependent irrigation to a key watering. The five-step pruning method was changed to one-time pruning method (only pruning), and cotton in water land was changed as a multiple cropping mode (cotton and wheat, cotton radish, cotton potato, cotton onion and other multiple cropping patterns were selected in high water and fertilizer land, and planted on a large scale).

II. Technical regulations

1. Create and preserve soil moisture. In general, the amount of rain and snow in winter and spring is small, and the soil moisture is insufficient, so we can make use of the conditions of flower arrangement distribution in water and dry land and adopt winter irrigation or early spring irrigation to make soil moisture. For water storage irrigation, 100 cubic meters per mu for winter irrigation and 70 cubic meters per mu for early spring irrigation, the infiltration depth is 80,100 centimeters, and the water effect can be maintained until flowering. Attention should be paid to preserving soil moisture after irrigation, and the main measures are as follows: raking the ground at the top, raking the soil in spring and raising the soil moisture before sowing.

two。 Apply sufficient base fertilizer. Combined with soil preparation, one-time application of base fertilizer. The experiment shows that the basal application of all nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer can increase the yield by 2.6% to 12.1% compared with applying fertilizer according to different ratio of base fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer. Fertilization is mainly to supplement nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Take 15-13-17 formula fertilizer as an example, the amount of fertilizer applied per mu is 50-65 kg. Conditional cotton fields should also apply barnyard manure, rotten straw and other organic fertilizer. Fertilization method: irrigation to make soil moisture cotton field, adopt the method of fertilizing first and then watering, nutrients infiltrate with water, only need to rake the land, not ploughing; applying organic fertilizer and dryland cotton field, using furrow fertilization, also has obvious yield-increasing effect.

3. Choose the superior species. ① has high yield, mainly strong boll setting; ② is highly resistant to Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt; ③ is mid-mature in southern Hebei and mid-early in Jizhong; ④ has strong growth potential and good afteronset, which can prevent or reduce premature senility; ⑤ has strong insect resistance and high resistance to cotton bollworm.

4. The sowing date is confirmed. The suitable sowing time is after the last frost, that is, the cold tail and warm head. Generally speaking, the suitable sowing time in central and southern Hebei is around April 25, and that in eastern Hebei (Tangshan and Langfang) is from the end of April to May 5. Spraying and mixing soil with fluralin or Acetochlor 100g / mu before sowing.

5. Machine broadcast and line spacing configuration. Before sowing, cotton seeds were coated with insecticides and fungicides, and precision machine sowing, herbicide spraying and film mulching machine were used. Use 45cm 50cm 90cm 120cm row configuration or 80cm row planting.

6. Fix the seedling and uncover the film. The seedlings were fixed when there were 3 true leaves, and the weak seedlings and diseased seedlings were removed at the same time. The plastic film was removed when 3 or 4 true leaves were fixed. 7. Field management. Watering from budding to flowering is a key measure to prevent premature senescence of cotton, with a water volume of 40 to 50 cubic meters per mu. In the middle of July, there were 11 and 13 fruit branches per plant. In case of continuous overcast and rain in July and August, if the cotton plant is flourishing and growing, it should be controlled by shrinking. According to the cotton growth and rainfall, the general dosage is 1.5 grams per mu in full bud stage, 2 grams per mu in early flowering stage, and 3 grams per mu in full flowering stage.

8. Pest control. In the middle of May, imidacloprid was used to control seedling aphids and thrips, imidacloprid and propargite were used to control red spiders (dragon worms). Organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides were used to control cotton bollworm and Toona sinensis at the initial stage of occurrence.

9. Picking flowers and grading. After September, pick flowers every 7-10 days, pick fully open cotton boll tidbits, dry them for two days in the morning and one day in the afternoon, remove stiff petals and sell or store them by stages.