Cultivation techniques of ditching and direct seeding of licorice

Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch is a deep-rooted plant. The cultivation technology of ditching and direct seeding can solve the unfavorable factors such as seedling raising, transplanting, low yield and long growth cycle, and greatly improve its economic benefits. * * Yili Tex County belongs to the continental climate type of the north temperate zone, and the natural geographical environment is very favorable for the growth of licorice. In 2005, we used ditch planting deep root plant machinery to plant licorice for the first time in Xinjiang, which changed the conventional licorice planting pattern. Now the ditching direct seeding cultivation techniques are introduced as follows.

1 selection of land, application of base fertilizer and land preparation

Choose medium and high fertility, 1.5 cm soil layer without sand and stone to cultivate chestnut soil, the topography should be flat and the water source is convenient. To apply rotten farm manure 2000~3000kg per mu, it is best to sprinkle it in the field before winter, and to spread diammonium phosphate 20kg/ mu, oil residue 20kg/ mu and urea 3kg/ mu in the ditch row when digging ditches. The previous plots of corn and oil sunflower were cleared of underground roots before winter. At the beginning of spring, the surface layer of soil was loosened with rotary ploughing Harrow, and the depth of soil was 1m.

2 trench digging technology

In the reverse gear operation of the locomotive during trenching, the spiral bit length 1~1.5cm, diameter 20~25cm, trench depth 1 to 1.5m, equal line spacing 85cm or so, the top of the ditch is made into a small high ridge with soil ridge height 20cm, bottom width 4cm, upper width 25cm to be sown, this specification adopts artificial ridge. The trenching machine has the advantages of economy, high work efficiency, straight and long licorice, high yield, short growth cycle, easy to harvest, labor and time saving and so on. Once ditching, the ditch can be used for two crops in two years, that is, after the first stubble is pulled out, artificial ditching and ridging will be carried out for "Baodan" sowing or spring sowing in the second year.

Spring sowing should be ditched in advance, and ditches should be dug in time after the soil layer is thawed, which usually begins at the end of March. In general, a trenching machine can work an average of 5 mu a day and 200 mu of land in spring.

3 seed selection

General artificial planting of Glycyrrhiza uralensis is suitable, its taproot, glycyrrhizic acid content is high, the xylem and phloem are not broken when slicing. The grain is full and shiny, the purity is more than 90%, and the 1000-grain weight is about 10g / 12g.

4 sowing technology

According to soil moisture, spring sowing, summer sowing, autumn sowing can be. Spring sowing is from mid-late March to late April, there is no permafrost layer in 1-1.5 m, the surface 5cm is steadily sown through 12 ℃, and can be harvested in autumn of that year. Summer sowing and autumn sowing can be harvested in the second year.

Ural Red Root Glycyrrhiza uralensis, the sowing rate per mu is about 1.5kg. Soak the seeds in 50 ℃ warm water for 10 hours, swell to 80%, rinse with clean water, then dry in a cool place for sowing. Soil ridges were made by trenching machine and ditched manually by manual treading. The row spacing between ditches and ditches was 85cm, sowing 2 rows per ditch, row spacing 5cm, plant spacing 3cm, sowing depth 2cm, and soil covering was gently pressed with feet. The cold weather at the beginning of spring can be covered with plastic film.

There are 49000 seedlings per mu, and the root growth length of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch is about 1 m, which is 2 cm longer than that of 3-year-old Glycyrrhiza uralensis.

5. Field management

Management of licorice at seedling stage is seriously harmful. When licorice has two true leaves, 48% Lesbon is used in the evening, 15~30ml per barrel of type 16 sprayer is used, the dosage is about 60ml per mu, the spray head is close to the ground and sprayed along ditches and ridges, and it can be sprayed once or twice according to the situation.

In the year of topdressing and watering, licorice ridge topdressing twice, in rhizome phloem formation stage and rapid growth period, topdressing urea 5~10kg per mu, trenching next to the ridge. The leaf topdressing of licorice was applied 2 times for 3 times in that year, and was sprayed with 80g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 20g humic acid, 10g 15g trace element fertilizer and 25g rhizome dilatant (high magnesium application) per mu.

Watering and running water will cause ditch collapse and root system exposure will cause root suspension or root breaking. Once the ditch collapse loses the significance of ditching, the growth of licorice is affected, so licorice ditching cultivation can not be watered, sprinkler irrigation should be used to supplement water, sprinkler irrigation times are generally 3-4 times.

Before seedling emergence, Acetochlor EC 100ml can be used for closed weeding per mu before emergence; after emergence, 10.8% efficient grass cover energy 25~40ml/ mu can be used to control Gramineae weeds.

Middle tillage is a link to increase the yield of licorice. A special shovel (width 24cm) can be used to loosen the soil and weed for 2 or 3 times in the wide row.

6 harvest

Using ditching and direct seeding cultivation, licorice can be harvested in the same year or 2 years. The harvest time of the current year was carried out in October, and manual harvesting was used. First cut the aboveground stems and leaves, leaving 4~5cm roots, then use a shovel to dig up one or both sides of the licorice root 20~30cm deep, with both hands to pull out licorice length of about 1m, then go to the Reed head, remove the soil, tie the handle, and dry it for sale.