Causes of rotting of Lentinus edodes sticks and its control techniques

In recent years, some mushroom producing areas have appeared varying degrees of rotting phenomenon, resulting in a waste of resources and economic losses of mushroom farmers, some areas have seriously threatened the development of mushroom industry. For example, Xianliang Town, Qingyuan County, Zhejiang Province, in 1999, the decay rate of bacterial sticks reached 17%, individual farmers reached more than 50%, and suffered heavy losses. In this regard, we have conducted a special study since 1999 to find out the causes of decay and prevention and control techniques.

1. Causes of rotting of bacterial rods

Stick rot often occurs in the old mushroom area where it has been cultivated for a long time, and the root cause is the invasion and infection of competitive miscellaneous bacteria, so all the factors that induce the invasion and infection of miscellaneous bacteria will lead to stick rot, which can be summarized in the following aspects.

The main results are as follows: (1) the weakening of stress resistance of cultivated varieties is a manifestation of the degradation of varieties, which is the internal cause of rotting.

Some leading varieties in the old mushroom area have been planted for many years, the species is degraded, the mycelium vitality is weakened, the ability to adapt to the environment is poor, and the ability to resist the invasion of miscellaneous bacteria decreases, so the competitive miscellaneous bacteria can take advantage of the deficiency, causing the stick to rot. For example, Lentinus edodes 241Mui 4 has been cultivated for a long time, its high yield and stress resistance have decreased obviously in recent years, and its stick is also easy to rot.

(2) the bad cultivation environment leads to the hindrance of mycelial growth, weakening of stress resistance, senescence, death, autolysis and rotting of mycelia. Factors such as high temperature in summer, poor ventilation, improper use of disinfectants and deterioration of raw materials can also induce decay.

(3) Pest damage mushroom pests grow and reproduce from the vent and bite the mycelium directly. after the mycelium injury, the mycelium forms a local high temperature and high nutrition environment, which makes the competitive miscellaneous bacteria invade and infect, form the insect and bacteria cross-infection, and cause the rods to rot. The insect population density in the old mushroom area is high, which is serious, and the rotten stick is also relatively serious.

(4) improper operation of piercing ventilation in the process of piercing injury cultivation, piercing instruments (iron nails, bamboo sticks, etc.) directly stabbed the hyphae, resulting in human infection and decay of miscellaneous bacteria.

(5) the mycelia or fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes are sensitive to most pesticides and are easy to cause drug damage. For example, dichlorvos and dimethoate have obvious toxic effects on mycelium. Mushroom farmers use these pesticides to control insects, which results in rotting of bacterial rods.

2. Prevention and control of bacterial rotting.

The prevention and control of bacterial rod rot should be based on prevention, supplemented by treatment, and carried out in the whole process of cultivation and management.

The main results are as follows: (1) the superior varieties were selected to purify and rejuvenate the degraded varieties.

(2) the cultivation and management of Lentinus edodes should be carried out strictly according to the technical regulations for high-yield cultivation of Lentinus edodes. ① rational distribution of varieties. Select the suitable varieties according to the local climate characteristics. ② should do a good job in the hygiene of the cultivation site and environment, and the waste bacteria sticks should be cleaned up in time last year; old mushroom farms should be sprayed with germicidal insecticides to reduce miscellaneous bacteria pollution sources and reduce insect population density. ③ strictly controls the dosage of disinfectants. At present, the active ingredients of disinfectants on the market are the same. The best dosage is 4 grams per cubic meter, not more than 6 grams. ④ inoculation mouth is sealed with wax or tape to prevent insects and bacteria from invading the bacteria stick from the inoculation mouth. ⑤ piercing ventilation should be standardized, the diameter of the nail should be less than 2 mm, and the hole depth should be 1. 5cm. Choose the piercing hole on a sunny day, not at the tumor-like object. ⑥ can control insect pests and prevent diseases reasonably. Select the mushroom special insecticide "Mushroom Chong Jing" with high efficiency, no side effects, non-toxicity and long effect to spray once after the first piercing, and then spray again after two months, it can effectively control insect pests. Dichlorvos and other insecticides that should not be used on Lentinus edodes should not be used.

(3) after timely treatment of rotten sticks and discovery of rotting rods, they should be picked out and stacked in time to avoid mutual infection between rods, and carry out the following treatment: ① remove the rotten part with a clean blade, scrub the spot cut and film with carbendazim and other fungicides, and then return the film and seal it with adhesive tape to prevent water loss and insect and bacterial invasion again. This operation is best done under aseptic conditions. If ② begins to rot at the initial stage of infection, it should be sterilized and inoculated again (redone).