Bag cultivation techniques of Lentinus edodes

1. Raw material preparation

(1) Wood slices

Insert a wood segment with a moisture content of more than 20% into the feed port of the slicer and cut it into fragments with a thickness of about 4 mm and a cross section of 60 × 20 mm.

(2) crushing of raw materials

Put the dried wood chips or bagasse, Camellia oleifera shell and manuscript stalks into a special grinder or feed grinder (a special iron screen with a sieve hole of about 2 mm) and process it into powder.

2. Preparation of culture materials

(1) Culture ratio

Main ingredients such as sawdust, bagasse, etc., account for 78%, wheat husk or rice bran 20%, sugar 1%, gypsum powder 1%, plus calcium superphosphate 0.5%, urea 0.2mur0.3%, magnesium sulfate 0.1% Mel 0.2% 50% carbendazim 0.1%, main ingredients can be used alone, or more than two kinds of mixed use.

(2) preparation method

Mix the main ingredients and accessories to dry mix. Soluble substances such as sugar, urea, magnesium sulfate, carbendazim, etc., should be dissolved in water, then add dry materials and mix well, and the water content should be about 55%.

3. Loading

It is filled with polyethylene cylindrical plastic bags with a diameter of 15 cm and a length of 50 cm. Manual loading should be compacted layer by layer, loosened and tightened up and down, and the hand is not concave. Raw material slicing, crushing, mixing and bagging can be mechanized with high speed and good effect, so it has been widely used.

4. Sterilization

After loading, tie the mouth of the bag tightly, melt and seal the candle, move it into the normal pressure cooker, fold it layer by layer, seal and heat it, keep it for 10 hours after 100 ℃, and then take it out after a period of time.

5. Inoculation

Take advantage of the situation to move the sterilized material bag into the inoculation room, stack the cooling according to the "well" pattern, close the doors and windows, fumigate and disinfect 2MU with formaldehyde and potassium permanganate for 3 hours, and the inoculation can be carried out when the material temperature drops below 30 ℃. When inoculating, hit the inoculation hole with a tapered wooden stick with a diameter of 2 cm, with a depth of 2 cm and 6 holes in each bag, using single-sided or double-sided inoculation. The inoculation is operated with the cooperation of three people, while hitting the hole, inoculating and stacking on the side, which requires that the strain is close to the mouth of the hole and does not leave a gap.

6. Culturing bacteria

After inoculation, the bacteria bag was moved into a ventilated, dry, cool and dark culture room, and the bacteria were stacked according to the word "well". Due to the high temperature at this time, it is necessary to do a good job in the management of mild ventilation to avoid miscellaneous bacteria and reduce the rate of pure bacteria.

7. Mushroom farm setting

The mushroom farm should choose the open land with leeward to the sun, large temperature difference between day and night, flat terrain, near the water source or the winter idle field after rice harvest. Dry land should be strictly disinfected and insecticidal, and paddy fields should be dried in advance, and then ploughed and turned into mushroom beds. The bed is about 1 meter wide, 15 centimeters high, 10 meters long and 15 meters long, with a walkway of 30 centimeters between the borders, and a flooding ditch is dug in the middle, 60 centimeters wide and 80 centimeters deep. The soil dug out in the ditch is piled on the bed, so that the surface of the bed is tortoise back. The two sides of the bed are connected with 2.5 meters at an interval of 0.5 meters to lay down 0.5-meter-long wooden piles, which are buried in 20 centimeters, and are nailed with 2.5-inch long nails at a distance of 20 centimeters. The nailhead is exposed to 2 centimeters, and bamboo poles are arranged horizontally to support the mushroom frame. A shade shed is built on the mushroom shelf, surrounded by grass curtains and covered with cedar branches or thatch.

8. Take off the bag and change the color

The bacterial bag is cultured until the surroundings of the inoculation hole are light brown, the mycelium around the bag wall expands into a wave, the hand touch protuberance is elastic and soft, and when part of the primordium appears, the bag can be removed. The method is as follows: with a sharp blade, gently cut off the plastic bag along the longitudinal direction of the bag and put it on the mushroom bed frame. Strictly cover the film for 5 days after taking off the bag, and do not turn the mushroom bed when the temperature is not more than 28 ℃. When the velvety hyphae on the surface of the tube is up to 2 mm long, ventilation and light should be strengthened to promote the lodging of villous hyphae. After the dew dries, the film is ventilated twice a day, 30 minutes each time, and the humidity is adjusted combined with spray water. If the villous mycelium still does not lodge, it can be ventilated for 4 hours by removing the film in the afternoon, or 2% lime water can be sprayed to force the villous hyphae to lodge. 7 after 8 days, yellow water droplets gradually change color. If dark green water droplets appear, ventilation should be strengthened, combined with spraying water to wash, and the surface of the bacterial tube should be dried until the hands do not stick to cover the film. After 10 min for 15 days, when the bacterial tube surface forms a bacterial film and turns brown, it can be transferred to mushroom production management.

9. Mushroom production management

After the fungus tube changes color, it is necessary to stimulate the temperature difference in time to stimulate the bud and produce mushrooms. The specific measures are as follows: cover the film tightly during the day, make the temperature of the mushroom bed reach more than 20 ℃, lift the film ventilation for 2 hours from midnight to the early morning, so that the temperature of the mushroom bed drops suddenly, and a large number of mushroom buds can be produced for 4 consecutive days. Ventilation management should be strengthened after mushroom emergence, 30 minutes once a day, twice a day, combined with water spray regulation, to maintain the relative humidity of the mushroom farm air 85%. After picking a tide of mushrooms, stop water for 5 days, and then spray water for 7 days to promote the production of lower tide mushrooms. In autumn, the mushroom tube is nutritious, the water content is high, the temperature is suitable, the mushroom is numerous and concentrated, and it is generally not immersed in water, but when the fungus tube is too dry to come out, it can be soaked properly. In winter, medium and low temperature varieties can still produce mushrooms normally in the south, so it is necessary to strengthen management and strive for more mushrooms. Cold air areas, not suitable for rough mushrooms, can only raise bacteria through the winter, let it dry and wet, rejuvenate the hyphae, actively tired more nutrients. After the temperature rises in spring, a large number of mushrooms can be produced, but the fungus tube loses a lot of water, so it is necessary to soak in water to replenish water. Open the film before soaking, let the bacteria tube dry fully, and reduce the water content to about 35%. Before the low temperature comes, use No. 8 iron wire to make holes 6mur8 cm deep at both ends, then discharge them neatly into the soaking ditch, soak them for 8 hours to make the content reach about 60%, then take them out and rearrange the mushrooms on the mushroom bed rack. And pay attention to timely cleaning the site and do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.