Planting methods of Iron Tree seed and Magnolia seed

Iron trees are botanically called cycads, alias Phoenix-tailed bananas, plantains, fire-avoiding plantains, belonging to the cycads family and evergreen trees of the cycads genus. It originated in south-central China, India, Japan and Indonesia, and originated in East and Southeast Asia. Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan and other places are widely cultivated. North China, Northwest and other places as potted plants for indoor viewing. Cycads like sunshine, dry and ventilated environment, not cold-resistant, good fertilizer, like sandy soil, slow growth.

Cycads can be as high as 8 meters in the country of origin, indoor potted plants up to 3 meters high, the stem is thick cylindrical, unbranched, with thick leaf scars, forming fish scales. The leaf cluster is born at the top of the stem and is a large pinnate compound leaf, about 1 meter long. Leaflets linear, leathery, tip hard, dark green glossy, leaf margin revolute. Every spring, the old leaves fall off one after another; the flowers are unisexual, born at the top of the stem, dioecious, and the male flowers are spirally arranged in the shape of a pineapple, covered with pilose hairs, fresh yellowish at the beginning and brown after maturity. The female flower is larger, with many palmate scales, flattened in shape and gradually divided into a pine tower. Cycads rarely bloom, 20-or 30-year-old trees can blossom, so it is called "Millennium Iron Tree flowering", flowering from June to August.

Cycads are mainly propagated by tillers, and they can also be propagated by sowing or cutting.

Sowing and reproduction: harvest cycad seeds in October or full seeds for no more than two years, soak them in warm water of about 50 ℃ for 24 hours, then soak them with dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid for 10 minutes, then rinse them with clean water, change water every other day, wait for the seed coat to be completely swollen and soft, peel off the outer seed coat manually, wash off the pulp, dry the seeds, and then store them. Seed sand storage treatment was carried out around December. Because of its thick and hard seed skin, it can be treated by variable temperature method and finally stored in sand. Use clean sandy loam, river sand, perlite and other materials with good water conservation and permeability to make the seeding bed with a thickness of not less than 40 cm. Sow the prepared seeds into the bed at a distance of 5 to 20 ℃ cm, with a depth of about 3 cm. Then cover the river sand with a thickness of 3 cm, depending on the dryness of the soil and fine sand on the bed, control the amount of water, and then cover the plastic film for moisturizing and heat preservation, open the film once a week on a sunny morning, the soil should be watered to keep moist, and cover the film at sunset in the afternoon. Generally, it takes 4 to 6 months for cycads to store sand. During this period, the temperature and humidity of the sand should be maintained and the appropriate temperature is required to be 18: 25 ℃. The relative humidity is 800.90%. To keep warm in winter, it should not be lower than 12 ℃. In the second year, from May to June, the seeds germinated and broke their shells, and from July to August, they germinated and grew a true leaf.

Ramet propagation: in summer, the sucking buds should be separated from the stem of the mother plant, inserted into the open field or basin, buried in half of the soil, the survival rate of ramet reproduction can reach 80% 90%, the growth of sucking buds is slow, it is best to separate the sucking buds after 3 years, and the sucking buds with small wound are easy to live. Cadres can also be cut into sections of 15 to 20 centimeters long and buried in sandy soil so that they can regenerate new buds around the cadres and then be planted and cultivated.

Cycads are suitable for growing in direct sunlight or bright scattered light. It is best to be semi-shaded in summer, the temperature is maintained at 15-20 ℃, and the soil and air humidity is higher, so the leaves should be sprayed frequently. The plant has no dormant period, the suitable winter temperature is 12-16 ℃, and the plant has a considerable degree of cold resistance. During the period of 3-9 ℃, liquid fertilizer should be applied once a month, and the suitable cultivation medium should be the mixture of organic soil, mud carbon and fine sand. The basin soil is changed every 2-3 years, and new soil and base fertilizer are added to help growth. The application of liquid fertilizer several times in summer and the addition of ferrous sulfate solution can make the leaf color greener. After autumn, the diseases and insect pests of cycads with reduced watering water are the most common, and the leaves damaged by scale insects should be kept well ventilated at first. After the discovery of shell insects, observe the spray stone sulfur mixture or fluoroacetylammonium during the incubation period.

Magnolia, also known as Magnolia, Magnolia is a deciduous tree of Magnoliaceae. The normal florescence is mid-late March, with the first leaves blooming or flowers and leaves blooming at the same time. Purple magnolia like light, slightly shady, like warm and humid climate, but also has a certain degree of cold resistance, can survive the winter safely at about-10 ℃. Because of its fleshy root, it is not resistant to stagnant water. In the north, the leeward and sunny places should be selected, and the seedlings overwintering should be protected. Transplanting should be before spring germination and after defoliation in autumn. If transplanting in autumn, the time should be selected to ensure that the plant can take root and grow before frost. Magnolia magnolia is a fleshy root, so it is necessary to bring soil to transplant. It is suitable for cultivation in acidic or neutral sandy soil with good drainage, and avoid salty soil. Keep the soil moist during the growing season and water at the right time during the dry season. Plants like fertilizer, so organic matter should be applied to the soil every year to promote its healthy growth. Young trees should pay attention to cutting off dead branches, cross branches and inner bore branches to make them ventilated and transparent, and the plant shape is beautiful, but it can take shape naturally without pruning after adulthood.

Magnolia is propagated by sowing, grafting, cutting, striping and ramet. When the fruit turns red and blossoms as the suitable time for seed collection, the seeds are peeled off and dried and stored in sand. In March of the following year, the seeds are sown indoors and emerge in about 20 days. They are moved into the nursery or nursery in May, and can be planted out of the nursery for two to four years. Wild magnolia or Magnolia magnolia was used as rootstock for grafting, cut or split before sprouting in spring, and grafted with buds from May to August. A small amount of family reproduction, it is appropriate to use high-altitude striping method, select strong and good-shaped branches, under the node for circular peeling, up to xylem, internal with moss or plain soil, externally wrapped with plastic film, often keep the substrate wet. The spring pressure is cut off after autumn, and the autumn pressure is cut off in the following spring, and then planted.