Problems existing in the present situation and Future Development Direction of sericulture in Guizhou Province

1 present situation of development

Since entering the 10th five-year Plan, the cocoon and silk industry, as China's traditional export, has persisted in taking the market as the orientation, development as the theme, reform, opening up and scientific and technological progress as the driving force, comprehensively applying national reform and development policies, and strengthening macro-control. We have stepped up structural adjustment, effectively overcome the phenomenon of "big ups and downs", made the whole industry out of the trough and basically maintained sustained and steady development. The quality of economic operation has been significantly improved, production capacity, efficiency and foreign exchange earnings from exports have exceeded the best years in history, and the status and influence of "Chinese silk" in the international arena have been further enhanced. With the development of China's regional economy and the adjustment of the regional structure of sericulture and sericulture production, the pace of "shifting mulberry from the east to the west" has been obviously accelerated, and the sericulture industry in the central and western regions has developed rapidly with the support of national policies. the cocoon output in the central and western regions accounted for 58.5 percent of the country's total in 2005, an increase of 9.9 percentage points over 2000, and silk production accounted for 40 percent of the country, an increase of 20 percentage points over 2000. "moving mulberry from east to west" has also brought a good opportunity for the development of silk industry in Guizhou. In southern, southwestern and southeastern Guizhou, sericulture has developed rapidly in recent years. Guizhou Huangping and Pingba have also been declared and won the special project of "moving mulberry from east to west" by the Ministry of Commerce and Trade with the cooperation of Guizhou sericulture Research Institute and Anshun sericulture farm, which has played a good demonstration and driving role in the development of sericulture in Guizhou province. The rapid and steady development of sericulture in Guizhou needs the support of science and technology. However, in the past, due to the slow development of sericulture in Guizhou, the low position of sericulture in the agricultural industrial structure of Guizhou, the serious shortage of scientific and technological investment in sericulture and the poor basic ability of scientific and technological innovation of sericulture, this does not adapt to the development of sericulture in Guizhou under the new situation. Therefore, speeding up the basic capacity building of scientific and technological innovation of sericulture is one of the key problems to be solved to promote the development of sericulture in Guizhou.

2 existing problems

As a traditional dominant industry in China's rural areas, sericulture production has made great contributions to the development of China's economy. "Silk" is China's "treasure" and the representative of Chinese cultural values. Since the reform and opening up, China's cocoon and silk industry has developed rapidly and become a big country in silk production and export in the world. However, after entering the mid-1990s, the whole industry encountered great difficulties and experienced a five-year adjustment. It was only after 1999 that the silk industry achieved a turnaround from deficit to profit, and there was a comprehensive recovery of growth. However, with the development of economy and the gradual adjustment of industrial structure, the status and proportion of sericulture began to enter a period of decline, and cocoon production declined to varying degrees in the main producing areas of our country. Especially since 2002, under the influence of the intensified competition in the international environment and the slow economic growth in the United States and the world, China's silk industry is once again facing a severe situation. In 2002, the output of spring silkworm cocoons in China was 2001, with an annual increase of 11.74%. There was a situation that supply exceeded demand, while export demand dropped greatly. as a result, the entire silk industry from mulberry, silk reeling, textile to clothing production has fallen into an unprecedented awkward position. The situation has improved since 2005, but the market fluctuates greatly and the cocoon price rises abnormally. There are still a lot of difficulties and problems in the development of sericulture. For the sericulture in Guizhou, which is in the stage of recovery, it is more necessary to study the new situation and discover new problems. In view of the reality of small scale, low level, weak research ability and insufficient scientific and technological innovation of sericulture in Guizhou, this paper studies the construction and application of innovation system suitable for the development of sericulture in Guizhou, so as to reduce the impact of cocoon silk market fluctuation on sericulture in Guizhou. It is an important task to stabilize the development momentum of sericulture in Guizhou.

3 the direction of development in the future

3.1 take the road of sericulture regionalization development

Guizhou is one of the areas suitable for sericulture production, and it is also one of the most suitable areas for sericulture production in terms of cocoon quality. However, it is not said that all regions in Guizhou Province are the most suitable for sericulture production. For example, the Wujiang River Basin is the area with the best cocoon quality, but other sericulture areas may not be able to produce high-quality cocoons. Therefore, we should study the regionalization of sericulture in Guizhou and plan sericulture areas with high quality, high yield, high efficiency and characteristics, so as to focus and purposefully develop sericulture models suitable for this region. Only in this way can it be beneficial to the overall progress and overall benefit of sericulture in Guizhou, and can it be guaranteed to consolidate and stabilize the sericulture in Guizhou.

3.2 take the road of the development of characteristic industries

With the development of colored cotton, natural colored cocoons also emerge as the times require. In the future, using natural colored cocoon silk as raw materials to make all kinds of consumer goods is not only in line with the popular trend of world environmental protection, but also conducive to our country to avoid foreign green barriers, so as to expand exports. Bombyx mori natural colored cocoon silk products have broad market prospects and strong vitality. On the basis of retaining the functions of natural silk clothing, it has opened up new consumption areas in national handicrafts and tourism products, which has been accepted by the majority of consumers.

Guizhou is a multi-ethnic province. Most of the ethnic minorities in Guizhou are Miao, and the Miao have their own traditional costumes. Women's clothing is mostly made of silk, especially for young Miao women before marriage, at least 1.5kg silk can be woven. Therefore, Guizhou ethnic minorities have the habit of sericulture and silk reeling since ancient times, and formed national characteristics, which is conducive to the development of sericulture production.

Guizhou sericulture Research Institute and Southwest University have carried out natural colored cocoon variety research and handicraft development, which has accumulated technical and practical basis for the research and application of characteristic germplasm resources such as fine silkworm varieties, super-long cocoon silkworm varieties and male silkworm varieties.

3.3 take the road of industrial development

Combined with the implementation of "shifting mulberry from east to west" in Guizhou and the practice of returning farmland to mulberry in Guizhou province, we should innovate mulberry medicine, mulberry grass and mulberry grain in conditional sericulture areas, develop mulberry-medicine (grass, grain)-plus and other comprehensive development models. Unite with local governments and sericulture management departments, unite with qualified cocoon silk enterprises, establish industrial development models such as bases and farmers. Only by promoting the development of Guizhou sericulture in the direction of standardization, standardization and high efficiency, can we achieve the purpose of consolidating and stabilizing Guizhou sericulture.

To sum up, taking the development road of regionalization, characteristics and industrialization of sericulture is the application of scientific and technological innovation system in the development of sericulture in Guizhou and the concrete embodiment of guiding the development of sericulture in Guizhou with the theory and practice of the Party's scientific concept of development. It is the inevitable choice for the stable development of sericulture in Guizhou.