Techniques of disinfection and disease prevention in silkworm rearing

With the large-scale development of the western region, the state began to implement the plan of "moving mulberry from the east to the west". In the new round of industrial structure adjustment, many places in Yunnan Province have focused on supporting sericulture as a characteristic industry to increase farmers' income and become rich. However, in the process of disinfection, silkworm disease broke out due to lax disinfection or improper methods, which often resulted in no cocoon harvest for mulberry and sericulture farmers, resulting in heavy economic losses. Thorough disinfection and prevention of disease and putting an end to pathogen transmission are the key measures to seize the high quality and high yield of silkworm cocoons.

1. Disinfection and disease prevention of sericulture officials. Through careful cleaning, cleaning, exposure, chemical disinfection, to create a pollution-free breeding environment. First of all, the silkworm room and its surroundings should be comprehensively cleaned and washed. If the silkworm room is muddy, the surface land with a thickness of 1cm to 2cm should be scraped off and the ash top should be painted with lime. Close the doors and windows, spray disinfection with 1% bleach solution, use 25 kg 1% bleach solution for every 100 square meters, try to spray through, do not leave a dead corner, and keep moist for more than half an hour. The silkworm tools are washed and dried in running water, and the bleaching powder containing 1% available chlorine is impregnated and disinfected in the disinfection pool. After disinfection, the silkworm tools should not be dried immediately, they should be stored in the sterilized silkworm room for 12 hours, and then exposed outdoors. Bleaching powder is the most widely used disinfectant in the process of sericulture. It has a great killing effect on viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and many other pathogens. Bleach disinfection should be carried out on cloudy days or in the morning or evening. Disinfection place to prevent sunlight and strong wind blowing directly, disinfectant should be clarified, can be prepared 2 hours before disinfection, should not be premature, otherwise it will fail. Spray the walls and silkworm utensils with clean water before disinfection. Bleach is white powder; it should be sealed and stored in a dark and dry place.

2. Disinfection and disease prevention of sericulture. In the process of sericulture, silkworm eggs or silkworms themselves will be infected with disease, and the pathogens of the surrounding environment will also be transmitted to silkworm rooms through various ways. One disinfection before sericulture alone can not ensure that silkworm rooms and silkworms are disease-free, and the work of disinfection and disease prevention during sericulture must be strengthened.

(1) isolating and eliminating diseased and weak silkworms. The feces of diseased silkworms contain a large number of pathogens, which become the main source of silkworm infection. Therefore, at ordinary times, we should observe carefully that silkworms should be strictly recommended and worked in batches before going to bed, and the weak and stunted silkworms should be quarantined or eliminated, so as to eliminate the chance of silkworm infection.

(2) disinfect the silkworm pedestal. Ant silkworms, silkworms from all ages, sleeping silkworms and mature silkworms are most likely to be infected with silkworm disease, so when collecting ants, before sleeping, before feeding and after ripening, disease prevention No. 1 is used once (ant collection and 1st instar, 3rd instar and 2nd instar with small silkworm disease prevention No. 1, 3rd instar and mature silkworm with large silkworm disease prevention No. 1, with 20 grams per square meter of 1st instar, 30g and 35g at 2nd instar, 40g and 50g at 3rd instar, 50g at 4th instar, 60g at 5th instar). From the 3rd instar, fresh lime powder is sprinkled once a day in the silkworm seat. Summer and autumn is the period of high incidence of bacterial diseases. From the 3rd instar, the silkworm should be fed with chloramphenicol or chloramphenicol twice.

(3) to establish a disease prevention system. After each sand removal, 0.5% available chlorine bleaching powder or 2% fresh lime slurry was used to disinfect the silkworm room, silkworm tools and surrounding environment. Breeders should wash their hands before cutting mulberry, giving mulberry or after sand removal, and go to the shoe changer room or pedal lime posterity room. Timely treatment of silkworm sand, diseased silkworms and dead silkworms are put into the disinfection tank.

3. Disinfection after sericulture. The end of the silkworm period is a good opportunity for thorough disinfection. The available chlorine 1% bleaching powder or 2 A can be used for silkworm rooms and silkworm utensils in time. Fresh lime paste was sprayed and disinfected once, and then cleaned to prevent the spread of pathogens. Mat paper, mat grass, grass clusters and other rubbish should be cleaned up and burned immediately. The square clusters and folded clusters to be reused are stored in an empty room far away from the silkworm room after exposure, and do not touch them until the next silkworm cluster. The above technical measures have a significant effect on killing pathogens and preventing silkworm disease.